{"id":12534,"date":"2021-10-03T00:00:47","date_gmt":"2021-10-02T22:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/?p=12534"},"modified":"2021-11-10T10:30:11","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:30:11","slug":"flute-cotton-luynes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/","title":{"rendered":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" id=\"francais\"><p>Lors de notre derni\u00e8re vente de vents et d\u2019instruments \u00e0 cordes pinc\u00e9es, le 1<sup>er<\/sup> mai 2021, une <a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/05\/01\/vcp-2021-05-01#flute-eichentopf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tr\u00e8s rare fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec des ann\u00e9es 1730, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Johann Heinrich Eichentopf<\/a>, \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e aux ench\u00e8res et vendue 27.280\u20ac (avec frais). Le 6 novembre 2021, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de notre nouvelle vente de vents et d\u2019instruments \u00e0 cordes pinc\u00e9es, vous aurez l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de d\u00e9couvrir une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec alto en fa de la m\u00eame \u00e9poque, d\u2019un facteur \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s rare sur le march\u00e9 : William Cotton (circa 1708 &#8211; 1775). Celle-ci nous livre un t\u00e9moignage de la facture londonienne durant le XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, des relations entre les facteurs et du go\u00fbt europ\u00e9en pour l\u2019instrument &#8211; encore appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 dans les cours royales \u00e0 en juger par sa prestigieuse provenance&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-resultats.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">R\u00e9sultats<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-catalogue.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Catalogue<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contact<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--4\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/vichy-encheres\/equipe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Experts<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--5\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"#english\">English version<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2372\" height=\"790\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en fa diapason bas de William COTTON\" data-id=\"13702\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-13702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1.jpg 2372w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1-1024x341.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1-768x256.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1-1568x522.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-0281-1-flute-a-bec-cotton-william-1-100x33.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2372px) 100vw, 2372px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en fa diapason bas de William COTTON<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">William Cotton<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des instruments extr\u00eamement rares sur le march\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>La fl\u00fbte est estampill\u00e9e \u201cCOTTON\u201d sur la patte et la t\u00eate. Ce nom renvoie \u00e0 une famille de facteurs anglais r\u00e9sidant \u00e0 Londres, dont trois membres sont connus : William Cotton (c.1708 &#8211; 1775), son fils Robert Cotton (c.1735 &#8211; 1806) et John Cotton, probablement le neveu de Robert aupr\u00e8s de qui il rentre en apprentissage en 1784<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00e9galement renomm\u00e9 en tant que violoniste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> William Waterhouse, <em>The New Langwill Index<\/em>, 1993, Tony Bingham, p.72.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Les instruments de ces facteurs sont extr\u00eamement rares sur le march\u00e9 et dans les collections publiques. Nous connaissons uniquement un flageolet par Robert Cotton conserv\u00e9 au Royal College of Music de Londres (1770-94).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/mimo\/image.ashx?q=http:\/\/www.mimo-international.com\/media\/MINIM\/GB-Lcm\/IMAGE\/RCM0410_20161021_72_Web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709.jpg\" alt=\"Flageolet de Robert Cotton\" class=\"wp-image-12547\" width=\"1023\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709-300x62.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709-100x21.jpg 100w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709-768x159.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Flageolet de Robert Cotton <br>Conserv\u00e9 au Royal College of Music de Londres (Angleterre)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">William : le facteur le plus important de la famille Cotton<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Les Cotton \u00e9taient install\u00e9s \u00e0 Bride Court, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, puis au 8 Parsons Court, Bride Lane, Fleet Street \u00e0 partir de juin 1776<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. William Cotton est le facteur le plus important de la famille, actif pendant plus de 45 ans. Sur sa carte de marchand &#8211; par chance conserv\u00e9e au British Museum &#8211; il se pr\u00e9sente comme un facteur de toutes sortes d\u2019instruments \u00e0 vent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cWind instrument maker, at the <em>Hautboy and two Flutes <\/em>in Bride Lane Court near Fleet Street, London. Makes and sells all sorts of Wind Instruments, viz. Bassoons, Hautboys, German and Common Flutes in ye neatest Manner. N.B. All Sorts of Instruments mended.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Stylistiquement, cette carte est proche de celles d\u2019autres facteurs anglais actifs dans les ann\u00e9es 1730-1740<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. En outre, le nom de l\u2019atelier <em>The Hautboy and two Flutes<\/em> ainsi que l\u2019illustration confirment l\u2019importance de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec dans sa production. En effet, parmi les trois instruments figur\u00e9s sur la carte, se trouve une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Simon Waters, <em>A French Connection: Further light on Urquhart and Cotton<\/em>, online<\/a> <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/P_Heal-88-18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cotton-william-carte-marchand-\u00a9thetrusteesofthebritishmuseum-e1629895406353.jpg\" alt=\"Carte de marchand de William Cotton\" class=\"wp-image-12558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cotton-william-carte-marchand-\u00a9thetrusteesofthebritishmuseum-e1629895406353.jpg 444w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cotton-william-carte-marchand-\u00a9thetrusteesofthebritishmuseum-e1629895406353-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cotton-william-carte-marchand-\u00a9thetrusteesofthebritishmuseum-e1629895406353-78x100.jpg 78w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Carte de marchand de William Cotton, 1765 (c.)<br>Conserv\u00e9e au British Museum (Londres, Angleterre)<br>\u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&#8217;estampille &#8220;Cotton&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence de son fils Robert, \u00e9galement connu en tant que \u201cFlute-Maker\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>, William estampille ses instruments par son simple nom, comme c\u2019est le cas de la fl\u00fbte de la vente Vichy Ench\u00e8res. On l\u2019a dit, les instruments qu\u2019il a r\u00e9alis\u00e9s et que l\u2019on conna\u00eet sont rares. On compte un hautbois estampill\u00e9 &#8220;Cotton\/ Bride Lane\/ Fleet St.\/[London]&#8221;, probablement modifi\u00e9 par Robert ou John ; une fl\u00fbte en buis conserv\u00e9e dans une collection suisse et estampill\u00e9e \u201cCotton\/[fleur de lys]\u201d et une fl\u00fbte d&#8217;amour appartenant \u00e0 la collection de Guy Oldham<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Joseph Doane, <em>A Musical Directory for the Year 1794<\/em>, Londres, 1794, p.15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Cet inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par Simon Waters dans \u201cAn Indigenous London Flute-Making Practice in the Early Eighteenth Century: The Case of Patrick Urquhart\u201d, 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>En 1759, il assure ses biens et son activit\u00e9 de fabricant de fl\u00fbtes aupr\u00e8s du <em>Sun Fire Office<\/em> et en d\u00e9cembre 1774 &#8211; alors atteint de la jaunisse, la maladie qui va l\u2019emporter &#8211; il r\u00e9dige son testament. Ce document nous apprend qu\u2019il \u00e9tait \u201cMerchant Taylor\u201d, tout comme son ma\u00eetre : Patrick Urquhart (c.1668 &#8211; 1728)<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op.cit. 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La cl\u00e9 de vo\u00fbte du travail de Cotton : Patrick Urquhart<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&#8217;influence de son ma\u00eetre <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Ce lien entre William Cotton et Patrick Urquhart est essentiel pour comprendre la production du premier. Leur contrat stipule que Cotton entre en apprentissage aupr\u00e8s d\u2019Urquhart en novembre 1722, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 18 ans, pour une dur\u00e9e de sept ans. Cependant, la formation est \u00e9court\u00e9e par la mort du ma\u00eetre un an avant la fin fix\u00e9e \u00e0 1729<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, Cotton reste marqu\u00e9 par le style de son ma\u00eetre, comme en t\u00e9moigne une fl\u00fbte d\u2019Urquhart r\u00e9alis\u00e9e vers 1700 et vendue \u00e0 Vichy Ench\u00e8res en 2014, dont la composition est proche de celle de la fl\u00fbte de Cotton de la prochaine vente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp; London Metropolitan Archives : Reference Number: COL\/CHD\/FR\/02\/0568-0573, cit\u00e9e dans Simon Waters, op. cit. 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>L\u2019engagement d\u2019Urquhart et de Cotton aupr\u00e8s de la Merchant Taylor\u2019s Company est importante puisqu\u2019il est peu probable que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, qui supervisait alors l\u2019apprentissage de Cotton aupr\u00e8s d\u2019Urquhart, l\u2019ait laiss\u00e9 apposer son nom sur des instruments avant la fin du contrat en 1729<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. En outre, Cotton a certainement d\u00fb terminer les instruments inachev\u00e9s d\u2019Urquhart \u00e0 sa mort en 1728.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Simon Waters, <em>A French Connection: Further light on Urquhart and Cotton<\/em>, online<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700.jpeg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte d\u2019Urquhart, vers 1700\" data-id=\"12566\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700.jpeg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700\/\" class=\"wp-image-12566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700.jpeg 1440w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700-300x87.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700-1024x297.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700-768x223.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700-100x29.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Fl\u00fbte d\u2019Urquhart, vers 1700\nInstrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 24 mai 2014\n\u00a9 Vichy Ench\u00e8res<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/P_G-12-111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1141\" height=\"713\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited.png\" alt=\"Eau-forte et gravure portant les armoiries de la Merchant Taylor's Company\" class=\"wp-image-12582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited.png 1141w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited-100x62.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1141px) 100vw, 1141px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Eau-forte et gravure portant les armoiries de la Merchant Taylor&#8217;s Company\n29 juin 1749<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une ressemblance saisissante<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Ces consid\u00e9rations \u00e9tant faites, il est tentant de penser que la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de la prochaine vente estampill\u00e9e \u201cCOTTON\u201d fut r\u00e9alis\u00e9e au d\u00e9but de sa carri\u00e8re, vers 1730, alors qu\u2019il \u00e9tait encore impr\u00e9gn\u00e9 du style de Patrick Urquhart. Il pourrait m\u00eame s\u2019agir d\u2019un instrument d\u00e9but\u00e9 par Urquhart et achev\u00e9 par Cotton. En effet, la ressemblance de cette fl\u00fbte avec les mod\u00e8les connus du ma\u00eetre est saisissante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cWhat is clear, given its close similarity to Urquhart\u2019s own instruments, is that this particular instrument dates from relatively early in Cotton\u2019s output, and a date of 1729-40 therefore seems plausible.\u201d<\/p><cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Simon Waters, <em>A French Connection: Further light on Urquhart and Cotton<\/em>, online<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>On pense notamment \u00e0 l\u2019instrument du Colonial Williamsburg (Virginie), dat\u00e9 vers 1710, et \u00e0 la fl\u00fbte de la Bate Collection of Musical Instruments de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Oxford  r\u00e9alis\u00e9e vers 1720. Ces deux mod\u00e8les sont quasiment identiques \u00e0 la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec alto en buis et montures en ivoire de Cotton de la vente Vichy Ench\u00e8res du 6 novembre 2021. Tous t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une qualit\u00e9 d\u2019ex\u00e9cution et d\u2019un savoir-faire exceptionnels.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/emuseum.history.org\/objects\/30918\/treble-recorder;jsessionid=8B24BA20C10F0FE3C841B3BCD8CD494D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1046\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Patrick Urquhart, vers 1710\" class=\"wp-image-12578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1.jpg 1046w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1-300x67.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1-1024x227.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1-768x170.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1-100x22.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1046px) 100vw, 1046px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Patrick Urquhart<br>Vers 1710<br>Conserv\u00e9 au mus\u00e9e Colonial Williamsburg (Virginie, USA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/mimo\/detailstatic.aspx?RSC_BASE=IFD&amp;RSC_DOCID=MINIM_UK_3381&amp;TITLE=\/recorder%20ou%20juste%20l%E2%80%99image%20https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/mimo\/image.ashx?q=http:\/\/www.mimo-international.com\/media\/MINIM\/OXFBC\/IMAGE\/0110.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"177\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Patrick Urquhart, vers 1720\" class=\"wp-image-12575\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-300x66.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-768x170.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-100x22.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Patrick Urquhart, vers 1720<br> \u00a9 Bate Collection of Musical Instruments de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Oxford  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un mode d\u2019organisation commerciale typiquement londonien <\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le travail conjoint des facteurs <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Cette grande ressemblance permet \u00e9galement de renforcer l\u2019id\u00e9e selon laquelle il existait dans les ann\u00e9es 1700-1740 plusieurs r\u00e9seaux de facteurs londoniens travaillant conjointement, sans attacher d\u2019importance \u00e0 estampiller leurs productions de leur nom. Il n&#8217;y avait aucun conflit entre les facteurs produisant des instruments portant leur propre marque et ceux qui produisaient des instruments similaires destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre vendus sous un autre nom. On retrouve ainsi peu d\u2019instruments estampill\u00e9s Urquhart et Cotton, ce qui ne signifie pas qu\u2019ils aient peu produit. L\u2019inventaire apr\u00e8s d\u00e9c\u00e8s d\u2019Urquhart est d\u2019ailleurs stup\u00e9fiant, puisqu\u2019il comptabilise 686 fl\u00fbtes \u00e0 bec<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>! Urquhart, aid\u00e9 d\u2019apprentis comme Cotton, fabriquait tr\u00e8s certainement des instruments pour d\u2019autres facteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp; Simon Waters, op. cit., 2021, p. 110.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>C\u2019est Jeremy Montagu, conservateur \u00e0 la Bate Collection of Musical Instruments et ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Oxford, qui a le premier d\u00e9couvert ce mode de fonctionnement en s\u2019int\u00e9ressant au lien entre Urquhart et Pierre Jaillard &#8211; dit Bressan (1663-1731)<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Il a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 qu\u2019Urquhart \u00e9tait le v\u00e9ritable fabricant de la plupart des instruments connus portant l\u2019estampille Bressan et que ce dernier &#8211; \u00e9voluant dans les hautes sph\u00e8res de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 &#8211; \u00e9tait responsable de la client\u00e8le. C\u2019est la similitude des instruments estampill\u00e9s Bressan avec ceux d&#8217;Urquhart qui a conduit Jeremy Montagu \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence cette organisation caract\u00e9ristique des facteurs londoniens de l\u2019\u00e9poque. Cette hypoth\u00e8se a \u00e9t\u00e9 reprise et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Simon Waters<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Jeremy Montagu, \u201cAs Like as Two Peas\u201d, FoMRHIQ 92, Comm.1588, 1988, pp.1\u20132.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op. cit., 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une production pour Stanesby ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Suivant la m\u00eame logique, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 montr\u00e9 que William Cotton aurait travaill\u00e9, \u00e0 la mort de son ma\u00eetre Urquhart, pour Stanesby Junior. En effet, certaines fl\u00fbtes estampill\u00e9es Stanesby ou Cotton sont stylistiquement tr\u00e8s proches. Simon Waters nous donne deux exemples : une fl\u00fbte en buis conserv\u00e9e dans une collection suisse estampill\u00e9e \u201cCotton\/[fleur de lys]\u201d pr\u00e9sentant un mod\u00e8le similaire \u00e0 ceux de Thomas Stanesby Junior ; et une fl\u00fbte d&#8217;amour de Cotton appartenant \u00e0 la collection de Guy Oldham, \u00e9galement similaire en termes de proportions et de style \u00e0 celles de Stanesby<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Comme Bressan, il est possible que Stanesby ait pris en charge la gestion des clients et ait d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 la fabrication \u00e0 un facteur talentueux et de confiance &#8211; en l&#8217;occurrence Cotton<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op. cit., 2021, p. 107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Voir l\u2019article de Simon Waters dans le Galpin Society Journal LXXIV, pour plus d\u2019informations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Ainsi, Urquhart et Cotton ont certainement fourni d\u2019autres facteurs, ce qui expliquerait pourquoi les fl\u00fbtes estampill\u00e9es Bressan, Urquhart, Cotton ou encore Stanesby sont parfois tr\u00e8s semblables. En t\u00e9moigne cet instrument de Bressan (c. 1720, voir ci-dessous) conserv\u00e9 \u00e0 la Bate Collection of Musical Instruments de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Oxford, r\u00e9ellement proche de notre fl\u00fbte Cotton de la vente du 6 novembre 2021 ou ce mod\u00e8le de Stanesby Senior de l\u2019Horniman Museum and Gardens (voir ci-dessous).<br>Nous int\u00e9grons Stanesby Senior dans cette \u00e9cole stylistique londonienne puisqu\u2019il \u0153uvrait au sein du m\u00eame r\u00e9seau avec Thomas Garrett et Stanesby Junior, pour la Turner\u2019s Company. Cette organisation \u00e9tait similaire \u00e0 celle des Merchant Taylors qui, nous l\u2019avons vu, r\u00e9unissait Cotton, Urquhart, mais aussi son ma\u00eetre : Mary Woolstonecraft<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Ce mode d\u2019organisation commerciale typiquement londonien assurait ainsi une transmission des mod\u00e8les entre plusieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Voir l\u2019article de Simon Waters dans le Galpin Society Journal LXXIV, pour plus d\u2019informations. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"195\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Bressan, vers 1720\" class=\"wp-image-12603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-300x73.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-768x187.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-100x24.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption> Fl\u00fbte de Bressan Vers 1720 Conserv\u00e9 \u00e0 la Bate Collection of Musical Instruments de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Oxford<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-stanesby-senior-horniman-museum-and-gardens.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Stanesby Senior\" class=\"wp-image-12607\" width=\"465\" height=\"103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-stanesby-senior-horniman-museum-and-gardens.jpg 424w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-stanesby-senior-horniman-museum-and-gardens-300x67.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-stanesby-senior-horniman-museum-and-gardens-100x22.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Stanesby Senior &#8211; Conserv\u00e9 au Horniman Museum and Gardens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> L&#8217;influence de Bressan et de Jean-Jacques Rippert&#8230; <\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Bressan et Jean-Jacques Rippert <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Quand on se penche sur la circulation du mod\u00e8le, on se rend compte que la France semble avoir beaucoup particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la diffusion de ce style de fl\u00fbtes \u00e0 bec. D\u2019abord parce que Bressan, d\u2019origine fran\u00e7aise, a certainement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9mergence du mod\u00e8le en s\u2019installant en Angleterre en 1683 avant de le transmettre \u00e0 Urquhart. Bressan est d\u2019ailleurs  consid\u00e9r\u00e9 par certains comme le chef de file de l\u2019\u00e9cole anglaise d\u2019instruments \u00e0 vent. En outre, on retrouve quelques fl\u00fbtes de ce style dans la production d\u2019un autre fran\u00e7ais : Jean-Jacques Rippert (avant 1696 &#8211; 1716). Cette proximit\u00e9 stylistique des instruments de Bressan et Rippert conduit \u00e0 penser qu\u2019ils auraient eu le m\u00eame ma\u00eetre. Selon certaines hypoth\u00e8ses, il s\u2019agirait d\u2019un membre de la famille Hotteterre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, il reste \u00e9vident que des instruments comme la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de Bressan du Horniman Museum and Gardens et celle de Rippert du mus\u00e9e de la Musique de Paris, ont beaucoup en commun (voir ci-dessous). \u00c0 noter \u00e9galement &#8211; puisque les mod\u00e8les sont assez rares pour se le permettre &#8211; que l\u2019on retrouve quelques fl\u00fbtes \u00e0 bec de ce style en Allemagne. Il se pourrait, l\u00e0 encore, que le mod\u00e8le provienne de France, via Rippert, qui fabriqua des fl\u00fbtes \u00e0 destination de l\u2019Allemagne d\u00e8s 1716 (\u201cwhose flutes he reported to be in demand as far away as Frankfurt\u201d)<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Nous avons notamment connaissance d\u2019un mod\u00e8le similaire, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par un membre de la famille Denner, conserv\u00e9 au Palais Lascaris \u00e0 Nice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> William Waterhouse, op. cit, p.329.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/minim.ac.uk\/index.php\/explore\/?instrument=22620\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-bressan-jaillard-peter-horniman-museum-and-gardens.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Peter Bressan Jaillard conserv\u00e9e au Horniman Museum and Gardens\" class=\"wp-image-12672\" width=\"960\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-bressan-jaillard-peter-horniman-museum-and-gardens.jpg 640w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-bressan-jaillard-peter-horniman-museum-and-gardens-300x87.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-bressan-jaillard-peter-horniman-museum-and-gardens-100x29.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Peter Bressan Jaillard &#8211; Conserv\u00e9e au Horniman Museum and Gardens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/MIMO\/search.aspx?SC=DEFAULT&amp;QUERY=Thomas+Stanesby#\/Detail\/(query:(Id:'132_OFFSET_0',Index:133,NBResults:718,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:(CloudTerms:!(),ForceSearch:!t,Page:8,PageRange:3,QueryString:'flute%20a%20bec',ResultSize:15,ScenarioCode:DEFAULT,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-mosaic,SearchLabel:'',SearchTerms:'flute%20a%20bec',SortField:Author_sort,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:(Scenario:'',Scope:'',Size:!n,Source:'',Support:''))))\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec alto en sol de Jean-Jacques RIPPERT\" class=\"wp-image-12676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-1024x232.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-768x174.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-1536x348.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-2048x464.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-1568x355.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-100x23.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec alto en sol de Jean-Jacques RIPPERT, d\u00e9but XVIII\u00e8me. Conserv\u00e9e au Mus\u00e9e de la Musique, Philarmonie de Paris. \u00a9 Jean-Claude Billing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/mimo\/image.ashx?q=http:\/\/www.mimo-international.com\/media\/MF-NIC\/IMAGE\/MFIM000027398.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"204\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Denner\" class=\"wp-image-12679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice-300x51.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice-1024x174.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice-768x131.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice-100x17.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Denner. Conserv\u00e9e au Palais Lascaris \u00e0 Nice <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De l&#8217;Angleterre vers la France<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Enfin, la fl\u00fbte de William Cotton de la vente du 6 novembre 2021 nous renseigne \u00e9galement sur la circulation du mod\u00e8le, puisqu\u2019elle offre un exemple d&#8217;instrument r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 Londres \u00e0 destination de la France, alors qu\u2019il est couramment admis que le commerce des instruments se faisait dans la direction inverse<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Voir l&#8217;article de Simon Water &#8220;A French Connection: Further light on Urquhart and Cotton.&nbsp;&#8221;&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>En effet, outre les deux estampilles \u201cCOTTON\u201d, la fl\u00fbte est marqu\u00e9e \u201cM.LE.D.DELUYNES\/ N\u00b01\u201d, certainement en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au propri\u00e9taire d\u2019origine : le fran\u00e7ais Charles Philippe d&#8217;Albert, 4\u00e8me duc de Luynes. Une inscription qui entre en r\u00e9sonance avec la fleur de lys estampill\u00e9e sur la fl\u00fbte en buis de Cotton conserv\u00e9e dans une collection suisse (cf : 1er paragraphe). Celle-ci t\u00e9moigne certainement d\u2019une provenance fran\u00e7aise et d\u2019un commanditaire issu d\u2019une haute position sociale, \u00e0 l\u2019image du duc de Luynes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une provenance exceptionnelle<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Louis XIII, les ducs de Luynes et la musique <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Les ducs de Luynes ont re\u00e7u leur titre sous Louis XIII, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Charles d\u2019Albert (1578 &#8211; 1621), favori du roi avec qui il entretint, selon plusieurs historiens, des relations intimes. Les int\u00e9r\u00eats musicaux des ducs de Luynes sont bien connus depuis Charles d\u2019Albert. On peut notamment lire dans le <em>Journal de Jean H\u00e9roard Sur l&#8217;Enfance Et La Jeunesse de Louis XIII (1601-1628)<\/em> que : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cle Sieur de Luynes, un gentilhomme qu\u2019il [Louis XIII] aimoit, \u00e9toit habill\u00e9 \u00e0 la suisse, avoit des chausses jaunes d\u00e9coup\u00e9es, une grosse brayette verte et une grande fraise pareil \u00e0 celle des femmes, et qu\u2019il jouoit du fifre\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Par ailleurs, la biblioth\u00e8que des ducs de Luynes, autrefois conserv\u00e9e au ch\u00e2teau de Dampierre et dispers\u00e9e depuis 2013 par Sotheby\u2019s, comprenait un grand nombre de partitions, parmi lesquelles des \u0153uvres de Bach (1685-1750 ; ex: <em>Six sonates pour Clavecin ou Piano forte avec accompagnement de violon ou fl\u00fbte<\/em>) et de Lully<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> (1632-1687 ; ex : <em>Proserpine <\/em>qui int\u00e8gre des fl\u00fbtes \u00e0 bec). Ces compositeurs sont particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressants puisqu\u2019ils ont inclus la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec dans leur \u0153uvres<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Voir Laurence Pottier, <em>La fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec dans les Trag\u00e9dies en musique de Lully<\/em>, th\u00e8se, Sorbonne Paris-IV, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Voir Laurence Pottier, <em>Le r\u00e9pertoire de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en France \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque baroque<\/em>, th\u00e8se, Sorbonne Paris-IV, 1992.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1155\" height=\"866\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited.jpeg\" alt=\"Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury - Vue d'artiste de Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes, 1834 - Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles\" class=\"wp-image-12626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited.jpeg 1155w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited-100x75.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1155px) 100vw, 1155px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury<br>Vue d&#8217;artiste de Charles d&#8217;Albert, duc de Luynes, 1834<br>\u00a9 Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"J. S. Bach: Suite No. 2  Minuet, Badinerie - by Lenka Molcanyiova\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hVARLQolFk0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>J. S. Bach<br>Suite No. 2 Minuet, Badinerie<br>By Lenka Molcanyiova<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Charles Philippe d&#8217;Albert, 4<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> duc de Luynes <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Concernant l\u2019identit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise du duc de Luynes, la datation de la fl\u00fbte vers 1729-1740 nous am\u00e8ne \u00e0 Charles Philippe d&#8217;Albert de Luynes, duc de 1712 \u00e0 1758, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Carmontelle l\u2019ann\u00e9e de sa mort (dessin conserv\u00e9 au mus\u00e9e Cond\u00e9 de Chantilly) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce dernier est le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de la lign\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce aux <em>M\u00e9moires sur la Cour de Louis XV (1735-1758) <\/em>qu\u2019il publia en 17 volumes. En effet, sa femme Marie Br\u00fblart de La Borde \u00e9tait la premi\u00e8re dame d\u2019honneur de la reine Marie Leszczynska et le couple faisait partie des intimes de la famille royale. Dans ses <em>M\u00e9moires, <\/em>le duc rapporte que la reine soupa plus de 200 fois dans l\u2019appartement de Marie Br\u00fblart situ\u00e9 au ch\u00e2teau de Versailles et qu\u2019elle vint \u00e9galement plusieurs fois au ch\u00e2teau de Dampierre &#8211; leur r\u00e9sidence principale. Ce monumental ouvrage est un pr\u00e9cieux document pour l\u2019\u00e9tude de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 aristocratique et bien qu\u2019il ne soit pas une biographie et ne renseigne pas sur la pratique instrumentale du duc, on trouve plusieurs commentaires pointus sur l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de pi\u00e8ces musicales qui laissent entendre qu\u2019il ma\u00eetrisait le sujet. En 1747, il commente notamment la performance de Louis-Gabriel Guillemain qui joue en soliste \u201cplusieurs petits airs doubl\u00e9s, tripl\u00e9s et brod\u00e9s avec tout l&#8217;art possible [&#8230;] ces duos [&#8230;] sont d&#8217;une ex\u00e9cution tr\u00e8s difficile\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><em>.<\/em> Enfin, \u00e0 la Cour, le duc \u00e9tait en contact avec les plus grands musiciens de l\u2019\u00e9poque &#8211; tels que Blavet, \u201cc\u00e9l\u00e8bre joueur de fl\u00fbtes\u201d &#8211; comme nous le confirment ses chroniques<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outre le fait que la fl\u00fbte ait appartenu \u00e0 cette \u00e9minente figure de la cour de Louis XV, elle est d\u2019autant plus exceptionnelle que sa marque \u201cN\u00b01\u201d indique certainement que l\u2019instrument fut le pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, ou le meilleur, du duc de Luynes<a href=\"#_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Louis Dussieux et Eudoxe Souli\u00e9, <em>M\u00e9moires du duc de Luynes sur la Cour de Louis XV (1735-1758)<\/em>, 17 volumes in-8<sup>o<\/sup>, Paris, Firmin-Didot fr\u00e8res, 1860-1865.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Cit\u00e9 par Simon Waters dans son article en ligne : <em>\u00ab \u201cBlavet, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre joueur de fl\u00fbtes\u201d \u00bb fait une apparition aux pp.292-3 du tome 2, le lundi 22 d\u00e9cembre 1738, ayant apparemment termin\u00e9 son rendez-vous de 1500 livres pour avoir visit\u00e9 la cour seulement six fois en un an.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> Nous remercions Simon Waters pour cette information.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc.jpeg\" alt=\"Carmontelle - dessin rep\u00e9sentant Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes\" class=\"wp-image-12630\" width=\"464\" height=\"745\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc.jpeg 405w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc-187x300.jpeg 187w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc-62x100.jpeg 62w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Louis Carrogis de Carmontelle<br>Dessin repr\u00e9sentant Charles Philippe d&#8217;Albert de Luynes<br>Duc de 1712 \u00e0 1758<br>Conserv\u00e9 au mus\u00e9e Cond\u00e9 de Chantilly (France)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&#8217;un des derniers exemples de fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en vogue \u00e0 la Cour<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une renomm\u00e9e jusque dans la Famille Royale britannique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bien que la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec soit d\u00e9laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de la fin du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, il n\u2019est pas \u00e9tonnant d\u2019en trouver de beaux mod\u00e8les dans les plus grandes collections d\u2019Europe de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du si\u00e8cle. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, plusieurs facteurs et compositeurs travaillaient \u00e0 la renomm\u00e9e de l\u2019instrument. Stanesby pr\u00e9tendait ainsi faire de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec t\u00e9nor la v\u00e9ritable fl\u00fbte de concert et Jacques Hotteterre \u00e9crivait les <em>Principes de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec<\/em> en 1707 en soulignant que la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec alto en fa &#8211; \u00e0 l\u2019instar de celle du duc de Luynes &#8211; \u00e9tait la fl\u00fbte du soliste par excellence. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Plusieurs compositeurs r\u00e9alisaient des \u0153uvres importantes pour elle &#8211; on a d\u00e9j\u00e0 cit\u00e9 Bach (ex : <em>Concerto pour clavecin, deux fl\u00fbtes \u00e0 bec et cordes<\/em>, en <em>fa<\/em> majeur, BWV 1057, vers 1738) &#8211; mais on pense aussi \u00e0 Georg Friedrich Haendel (1685-1759) et \u00e0 ses <em>Six sonates pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec et continuo <\/em>compos\u00e9es vers 1725-1726 pour l\u2019usage priv\u00e9 de la famille royale britannique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"661\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png\" alt=\"Jacques Hotteterre - Principes de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec - 1707\" class=\"wp-image-12640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png 661w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited-100x56.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Jacques Hotteterre<br>Principes de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec<br>1707<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Georg Friedrich Haendel : Sonate pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec et basse continue en ut Majeur op. 1 n\u00b0 7 (Les...\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AhmgcOyelVo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Georg Friedrich Haendel<br>Sonate pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec et basse continue en ut Majeur<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Portraits de musiciens : le myst\u00e8re Haendel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Une int\u00e9ressante huile sur toile r\u00e9alis\u00e9e vers 1715 par le peintre de&nbsp;cours royales&nbsp;J\u00e1n Kupeck\u00fd &#8211; notamment \u00e0 l&#8217;origine d&#8217;un portrait du roi d\u2019Angleterre \u2013 d\u00e9peint probablement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.akg-images.fr\/archive\/Joueur-de-flute-2UMDHUFLF6SA.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Haendel jouant de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec<\/a>. Le tableau est d\u2019ailleurs conserv\u00e9 dans la maison natale de Haendel, transform\u00e9e en mus\u00e9e (H\u00e4ndel-Haus, Saale, Allemagne). T\u00e9moignant de l\u2019importance de cette peinture, une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.szepmuveszeti.hu\/mutargyak\/blockfloten-jatszo-ferfi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">copie a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e et est visible au mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Budapest<\/a> (Sz\u00e9pm\u0171v\u00e9szeti M\u00fazeum, Budapest, Hongrie). Cette \u0153uvre a le double int\u00e9r\u00eat de confirmer le go\u00fbt de Haendel pour la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec (m\u00eame si le portrait n\u2019est que pr\u00e9sum\u00e9, le tableau se situe dans sa maison), et de figurer une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de m\u00eame mod\u00e8le que celle de Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>La peinture est encore plus int\u00e9ressante lorsque l\u2019on consid\u00e8re que Haendel s\u2019installe en Angleterre en 1712 (il se fera naturaliser anglais), et que ce type de fl\u00fbte est typique de la facture londonienne de l\u2019\u00e9poque. Que Haendel compose des sonates pour fl\u00fbtes \u00e0 bec pour la famille royale d\u2019Angleterre et qu\u2019il se fasse portraiturer jouant de l\u2019instrument vers 1715, d\u00e9montrent que ce dernier \u00e9tait encore en vogue au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle. Ajoutons que l\u2019on conna\u00eet un autre tableau de J\u00e1n Kupeck\u00fd repr\u00e9sentant un homme de qualit\u00e9 tenant une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de style londonien, conserv\u00e9 au Kunsthall de Hambourg, qui pourrait aussi \u00eatre un portrait de Haendel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.szepmuveszeti.hu\/mutargyak\/blockfloten-jatszo-ferfi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"951\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum.jpeg\" alt=\"Portait pre\u0301sume\u0301 de Haendel - Copie de Kupecky \u00a9 Szepmuveszeti muzeum\" class=\"wp-image-12644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum.jpeg 951w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum-238x300.jpeg 238w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum-812x1024.jpeg 812w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum-768x969.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum-79x100.jpeg 79w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 951px) 100vw, 951px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Copie de Johann Kupecky<br>Portait pre\u0301sume\u0301 de Haendel<br>Conserv\u00e9 au Szepmuveszeti muzeum (Budapest, Hongrie)<br>\u00a9 akg-images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scholarsresource.com\/browse\/work\/2144670151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"652\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kupetzky-portrait-of-a-recorder-player.png\" alt=\"Johann Kupetzky (1667-1740) - Portrait of a Recorder Player\" class=\"wp-image-12649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kupetzky-portrait-of-a-recorder-player.png 522w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kupetzky-portrait-of-a-recorder-player-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kupetzky-portrait-of-a-recorder-player-80x100.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Johann Kupetzky (1667-1740)<br>Portrait of a Recorder Player<br>Conserv\u00e9 au mus\u00e9e Kunsthalle (Hamburg, Allemagne)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La peinture anglaise comme t\u00e9moignage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Un autre exemple fameux atteste de la vogue pour la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec durant la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle : celui du musicien et compositeur anglais William Babell (1690-1723). Celui-ci composa diverses \u0153uvres pour elle, telles que ce <em>Concerto pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en r\u00e9 majeur op. 3 n\u00b0 2<\/em> . Il se fit \u00e9galement portraiturer, vers 1705, avec une fl\u00fbte pr\u00e9sentant des similitudes \u00e0 celle de Cotton de la vente du 6 novembre 2021 (auteur et localisation inconnus). L\u2019instrument jouissait donc encore d\u2019un certain succ\u00e8s dans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me <\/sup>et les meilleurs facteurs \u00e9taient sollicit\u00e9s par les cours royales (au moins celles d\u2019Angleterre et de France).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Il n\u2019est pas \u00e9tonnant que Cotton ait fait partie de ces prestigieux facteurs lorsque l\u2019on consid\u00e8re son savoir-faire et ses relations. Son lien avec Urquhart l\u2019a peut-\u00eatre rapproch\u00e9 des familles royales, puisque le p\u00e8re de celui-ci, le luthier Thomas Urquhart, avait \u00e9tabli des relations \u00e9troites avec les musiciens royaux en travaillant pour la Chapelle royale<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Enfin, pour le plaisir mais aussi parce que l\u2019exemple est significatif, le peintre Edwaert Collier &#8211; install\u00e9 d\u00e9finitivement en Angleterre \u00e0 partir de 1706 &#8211; choisit d\u2019int\u00e9grer dans ses natures mortes plusieurs fl\u00fbtes \u00e0 bec semblables \u00e0 celle du duc de Luynes r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Cotton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op.cit. 2021, p.108.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"William Babell : Concerto pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en r\u00e9 majeur op. 3 n\u00b0 2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JTbyGjVyMiE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>William Babell <br>Concerto pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en r\u00e9 majeur op. 3 n\u00b0 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"897\" height=\"1053\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705.jpg\" alt=\"William Babell, vers 1705\" class=\"wp-image-12656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705.jpg 897w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705-256x300.jpg 256w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705-872x1024.jpg 872w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705-768x902.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705-85x100.jpg 85w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 897px) 100vw, 897px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>William Babell<br>Vers 1705<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2200\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"Edwaert Collier\" class=\"wp-image-12658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-scaled.jpeg 2200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-258x300.jpeg 258w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-880x1024.jpeg 880w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-768x894.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-1320x1536.jpeg 1320w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-1760x2048.jpeg 1760w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-1568x1825.jpeg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-86x100.jpeg 86w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2200px) 100vw, 2200px\" \/><figcaption>Edwaert Collier<br>A vanitas still life with a violin, a recorder and a score of music on a marble table-top<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous remercions chaleureusement Simon Waters pour son aimable concours. <br>Retrouvez son article en ligne sur son site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.simonwaters.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"english\">A WILLIAM COTTON RECORDER THAT BELONGED TO THE DUKE OF LUYNES<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Our last sale of wind and plucked string instruments, on 1 May 2021, included <a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/05\/01\/vcp-2021-05-01#flute-eichentopf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a very rare recorder from the 1730s, made by Johann Heinrich Eichentopf,<\/a> which sold for \u20ac27,280 (including fees). Our upcoming sale of wind and plucked string instruments on 6 November 2021 will provide the opportunity to discover an alto recorder in F from the same period, made by a maker rarely seen on the market: William Cotton (circa 1708 &#8211; 1775). This instrument attests to the London craftsmanship during the first half of the 18th century, the relationships between makers, and the European taste for the instrument \u2013 which was still appreciated in the royal courts, judging from its prestigious provenance.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--8\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-resultats.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Results<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--9\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-catalogue.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Catalog<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--10\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contact<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--11\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/vichy-encheres-3\/team\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Experts<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--12\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"#francais\">Version fran\u00e7aise<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">William Cotton<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extremely rare instruments on the market<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The flute is stamped \u201cCOTTON\u201d on the foot joint and the head. This name refers to a family of English makers established in London, of which three members are known to us: William Cotton (c.1708 &#8211; 1775), his son Robert Cotton (c.1735 &#8211; 1806), and John Cotton, who was probably Robert&#8217;s nephew from whom he apprenticed in 1784<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>, and who was also renowned as a violinist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"> <a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> William Waterhouse, <em>The New Langwill Index<\/em>, 1993, Tony Bingham, p.72. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Instruments by these makers are extremely rare on the market and in public collections. We only know of a flageolet by Robert Cotton kept at the Royal College of Music in London (1770-94).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/mimo\/image.ashx?q=http:\/\/www.mimo-international.com\/media\/MINIM\/GB-Lcm\/IMAGE\/RCM0410_20161021_72_Web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709.jpg\" alt=\"Flageolet de Robert Cotton\" class=\"wp-image-12547\" width=\"1023\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709-300x62.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709-100x21.jpg 100w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flageolet-cotton-robert-royal-college-music-london-e1629876389709-768x159.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Flageolet de Robert Cotton <br>Conserv\u00e9 au Royal College of Music de Londres (Angleterre)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">William: the most important maker in the Cotton family<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The Cottons were established at Bride Court, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, and then at 8 Parsons Court, Bride Lane, Fleet Street from June 1776<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. William Cotton was the most important maker in the family, and was active for over 45 years. On his business card \u2013 which, by good fortune, is kept in the British Museum &#8211; he presented himself as a maker of all kinds of wind instruments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cWind instrument maker, at the <em>Hautboy and two Flutes<\/em> in Bride Lane Court near Fleet Street, London. Makes and sells all sorts of Wind Instruments, viz. Bassoons, Hautboys, German and Common Flutes in ye neatest Manner. N.B. All Sorts of Instruments mended.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Stylistically, this business card is similar to those of other English makers active in the years 1730-1740<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Moreover, the name of the workshop, <em>The Hautboy and two Flutes<\/em>, as well as the illustration on the card, confirm the importance of the recorder in his production. Indeed, among the three instruments shown on the card, one is a recorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, A French Connection: Further light on Urquhart and Cotton, online<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/P_Heal-88-18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cotton-william-carte-marchand-\u00a9thetrusteesofthebritishmuseum-e1629895406353.jpg\" alt=\"Carte de marchand de William Cotton\" class=\"wp-image-12558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cotton-william-carte-marchand-\u00a9thetrusteesofthebritishmuseum-e1629895406353.jpg 444w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cotton-william-carte-marchand-\u00a9thetrusteesofthebritishmuseum-e1629895406353-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cotton-william-carte-marchand-\u00a9thetrusteesofthebritishmuseum-e1629895406353-78x100.jpg 78w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Carte de marchand de William Cotton, 1765 (c.)<br>Conserv\u00e9e au British Museum (Londres, Angleterre)<br>\u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The &#8220;Cotton&#8221; stamp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Unlike his son Robert, who was also known as a \u201cFlute-Maker\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>, William stamped his instruments with simply his name, as is the case with the flute in the Vichy Ench\u00e8res sale. As previously discussed, known instruments by this maker are rare. We know of an oboe stamped &#8220;Cotton\/Bride Lane\/Fleet St.\/[London]&#8221;, probably modified by Robert or John; a boxwood flute kept in a Swiss collection and stamped &#8220;Cotton\/[fleur de lys]&#8221;; and a love flute in the collection of Guy Oldham<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Joseph Doane, A Musical Directory for the Year 1794, London, 1794, p.15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> This inventory was carried out by Simon Waters in \u201cAn Indigenous London Flute-Making Practice in the Early Eighteenth Century: The Case of Patrick Urquhart\u201d, 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In 1759, he insured his assets and his activity as a flute maker with the Sun Fire Office and in December 1774 \u2013 by then suffering from jaundice, the disease that was to kill him &#8211; he wrote his will. This document tells us that he was \u201cMerchant Taylor\u201d, just like his master Patrick Urquhart (c.1668 &#8211; 1728)<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op.cit. 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The keystone of Cotton&#8217;s work: Patrick Urquhart<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The influence of his master<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The link between William Cotton and Patrick Urquhart is key to understanding the production of the former. Their contract stipulated that Cotton started his apprenticeship with Urquhart in November 1722, at the age of 18, for a period of seven years. However, the training was cut short by the death of the master a year before the contract\u2019s end date of 1729<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Cotton remained influenced by the style of his master, as evidenced by an Urquhart flute made around 1700 and sold at Vichy Ench\u00e8res in 2014, whose making is similar to that of the Cotton flute in the upcoming auction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> London Metropolitan Archives: Reference Number: COL \/ CHD \/ FR \/ 02 \/ 0568-0573, cited in Simon Waters, op. cit. 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Urquhart and Cotton&#8217;s involvement with the Merchant Taylor&#8217;s Company is significant as it is unlikely that the company, which supervised Cotton&#8217;s apprenticeship with Urquhart at the time, would let him put his name on instruments before the end of the contract in 1729<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. In addition, it is probable Cotton was tasked with completing the instruments of Urquhart unfinished upon his death in 1728.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Simon Waters, A French Connection: Further light on Urquhart and Cotton, online<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-13 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700.jpeg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte d\u2019Urquhart, vers 1700\" data-id=\"12566\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700.jpeg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700\/\" class=\"wp-image-12566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700.jpeg 1440w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700-300x87.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700-1024x297.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700-768x223.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2014-05-24-vcp-flute-urquhart-vers-1700-100x29.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Fl\u00fbte d\u2019Urquhart, vers 1700\nInstrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 24 mai 2014\n\u00a9 Vichy Ench\u00e8res<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/P_G-12-111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1141\" height=\"713\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited.png\" alt=\"Eau-forte et gravure portant les armoiries de la Merchant Taylor's Company\" class=\"wp-image-12582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited.png 1141w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/eau-forte-gravure-merchant-taylor-s-company-1749-edited-100x62.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1141px) 100vw, 1141px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Eau-forte et gravure portant les armoiries de la Merchant Taylor&#8217;s Company\n29 juin 1749<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A striking resemblance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Considering the above, it is likely that the recorder stamped &#8220;COTTON&#8221; in the next sale was made at the beginning of his career, around 1730, while he was still influenced by the style of Patrick Urquhart. It could even be an instrument started by Urquhart and finished by Cotton. Indeed, the similarity of this flute with the known models by the master is striking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cWhat is clear, given its close similarity to Urquhart\u2019s own instruments, is that this particular instrument dates from relatively early in Cotton\u2019s output, and a date of 1729-40 therefore seems plausible.\u201d<\/p><cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Simon Waters, A French Connection: Further light on Urquhart and Cotton, online<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In particular, the instrument of Colonial Williamsburg (Virginia), dated from around 1710, and the flute of the Bate Foundation in Oxford made around 1720 come to mind. These two models are almost identical to the ivory mounted boxwood alto recorder by Cotton in the Vichy Ench\u00e8res sale of 6 November 2021. All of three of them bear witness to the exceptional quality of their making and craftsmanship.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/emuseum.history.org\/objects\/30918\/treble-recorder;jsessionid=8B24BA20C10F0FE3C841B3BCD8CD494D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1046\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Patrick Urquhart, vers 1710\" class=\"wp-image-12578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1.jpg 1046w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1-300x67.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1-1024x227.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1-768x170.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-colonial-williamsburg-museum-1710-1-100x22.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1046px) 100vw, 1046px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Patrick Urquhart<br>Vers 1710<br>Conserv\u00e9 au mus\u00e9e Colonial Williamsburg (Virginie, USA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/mimo\/detailstatic.aspx?RSC_BASE=IFD&amp;RSC_DOCID=MINIM_UK_3381&amp;TITLE=\/recorder%20ou%20juste%20l%E2%80%99image%20https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/mimo\/image.ashx?q=http:\/\/www.mimo-international.com\/media\/MINIM\/OXFBC\/IMAGE\/0110.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"177\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Patrick Urquhart, vers 1720\" class=\"wp-image-12575\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-300x66.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-768x170.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-urquhart-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-100x22.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Patrick Urquhart, vers 1720<br> \u00a9 Bate Collection of Musical Instruments de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Oxford  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A business model typical of London<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The collaborative work of the makers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>This strong resemblance also reinforces the idea that in the 1700s and 1740s there were several networks of London makers working together, and that they were not concerned with stamping their names on their instruments. There was no conflict between the makers producing instruments bearing their own brand and those producing similar instruments intended to be sold under another name. As a result, there are few instruments stamped Urquhart and Cotton, which does not mean that their output was limited. Urquhart&#8217;s inventory after his death is staggering, and included 686 recorders<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> ! Urquhart, assisted by apprentices like Cotton, most likely made instruments for other makers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op. cit., 2021, p. 110.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>It was Jeremy Montagu, curator at the Bate Collection, who first discovered this modus operandi by examining the link between Urquhart and Pierre Jaillard &#8211; aka Bressan (1663-1731)<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. He suggested that Urquhart was the maker behind most of the well-known Bressan-stamped instruments, and that Bressan \u2013 who was well connected among the upper classes &#8211; was in charge of dealing with customers. It is the similarity of the instruments stamped Bressan with those of Urquhart that led Jeremy Montagu to highlight this business organization, typical of the London makers of the time. This idea was revived and further developed by Simon Waters<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Jeremy Montagu, \u201cAs Like as Two Peas\u201d, FoMRHIQ 92, Comm.1588, 1988, pp.1\u20132.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op. cit., 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Producing instruments for Stanesby?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Following the same logic, it was deduced that William Cotton would have worked, after the death of his master Urquhart, for Stanesby Junior. Indeed, some flutes stamped Stanesby or Cotton are stylistically very close. Simon Waters gives us two examples: a boxwood flute kept in a Swiss collection stamped \u201cCotton\/[fleur-de-lis]\u201d on a model similar to those of Thomas Stanesby Junior; and a Cotton love flute from the Guy Oldham collection, also similar in proportions and style to that of Stanesby<a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Like Bressan, it is possible that Stanesby took over customer duties and delegated the manufacturing to a talented and trusted maker &#8211; namely Cotton<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op. cit., 2021, p. 107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> See the article by Simon Waters in the Galpin Society Journal LXXIV for more information.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Therefore, Urquhart and Cotton supplied other makers, which would explain why the flutes stamped Bressan, Urquhart, Cotton or even Stanesby are sometimes very similar. This is evidenced by this instrument by Bressan (c. 1720, see below) kept in the Bate Collection, very closely related to our Cotton flute in the sale of 6 November 2021, or this model by Stanesby Senior from the Horniman Museum and Gardens (see below).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We include Stanesby Senior in this London School, as he worked in the same network as Thomas Garrett and Stanesby Junior, making instruments for the Turner&#8217;s Company. This company was similar to the Merchant Taylors\u2019, which, as previously mentioned, brought together Cotton, Urquhart, but also his master: Mary Woolstonecraft<a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. This business model, typical of London, therefore ensured that models were passed on from generation to generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> See the article by Simon Waters in the Galpin Society Journal LXXIV for more information. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"195\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Bressan, vers 1720\" class=\"wp-image-12603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-300x73.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-768x187.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-bressan-bate-fondation-oxford-1720-100x24.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption> Fl\u00fbte de Bressan Vers 1720 Conserv\u00e9 \u00e0 la Bate Collection of Musical Instruments de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Oxford<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-stanesby-senior-horniman-museum-and-gardens.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Stanesby Senior\" class=\"wp-image-12607\" width=\"465\" height=\"103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-stanesby-senior-horniman-museum-and-gardens.jpg 424w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-stanesby-senior-horniman-museum-and-gardens-300x67.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/flute-stanesby-senior-horniman-museum-and-gardens-100x22.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Stanesby Senior &#8211; Conserv\u00e9 au Horniman Museum and Gardens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The influence of Bressan and Jean-Jacques Rippert<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bressan and Jean-Jacques Rippert<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>When we examine the spread of this style of recorders, it is clear that France seems to have had a lot to do with it. Firstly, through Bressan, who was originally from France, but settled in England in 1683 and most probably contributed to the rise of the model there, before passing it on to Urquhart. Bressan is considered by some as the leading figure of the English school of wind instrument making. In addition, we find some flutes of this style in the production of another Frenchman: Jean-Jacques Rippert (before 1696 &#8211; 1716). The stylistic similarity of the instruments by Bressan and Rippert suggests that they had the same tutor. Some believe he was a member of the Hotteterre family.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Either way, it remains clear that instruments like Bressan&#8217;s recorder from the Horniman Museum and Gardens and Rippert&#8217;s one from the Mus\u00e9e de la Musique in Paris have a lot in common (see below). It is also worth noting, since such examples are so rare, that a few recorders of this style exist in Germany. Once again, the model could have come from France, via Rippert, who made flutes for the German market as early as 1716 (\u201cwhose flutes he reported to be in demand as far away as Frankfurt\u201d<a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. We are aware in particular of a similar example, made by a member of the Denner family, kept at the Palais Lascaris in Nice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> William Waterhouse, op. cit, p.329.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/minim.ac.uk\/index.php\/explore\/?instrument=22620\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-bressan-jaillard-peter-horniman-museum-and-gardens.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Peter Bressan Jaillard conserv\u00e9e au Horniman Museum and Gardens\" class=\"wp-image-12672\" width=\"960\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-bressan-jaillard-peter-horniman-museum-and-gardens.jpg 640w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-bressan-jaillard-peter-horniman-museum-and-gardens-300x87.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-bressan-jaillard-peter-horniman-museum-and-gardens-100x29.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Peter Bressan Jaillard &#8211; Conserv\u00e9e au Horniman Museum and Gardens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/MIMO\/search.aspx?SC=DEFAULT&amp;QUERY=Thomas+Stanesby#\/Detail\/(query:(Id:'132_OFFSET_0',Index:133,NBResults:718,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:(CloudTerms:!(),ForceSearch:!t,Page:8,PageRange:3,QueryString:'flute%20a%20bec',ResultSize:15,ScenarioCode:DEFAULT,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-mosaic,SearchLabel:'',SearchTerms:'flute%20a%20bec',SortField:Author_sort,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:(Scenario:'',Scope:'',Size:!n,Source:'',Support:''))))\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec alto en sol de Jean-Jacques RIPPERT\" class=\"wp-image-12676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-1024x232.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-768x174.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-1536x348.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-2048x464.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-1568x355.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-rippert-jean-jacques-musee-musique-xviii-100x23.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec alto en sol de Jean-Jacques RIPPERT, d\u00e9but XVIII\u00e8me. Conserv\u00e9e au Mus\u00e9e de la Musique, Philarmonie de Paris. \u00a9 Jean-Claude Billing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/mimo\/image.ashx?q=http:\/\/www.mimo-international.com\/media\/MF-NIC\/IMAGE\/MFIM000027398.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"204\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice.jpg\" alt=\"Fl\u00fbte de Denner\" class=\"wp-image-12679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice-300x51.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice-1024x174.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice-768x131.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/flute-denner-palais-lascaris-nice-100x17.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Fl\u00fbte de Denner. Conserv\u00e9e au Palais Lascaris \u00e0 Nice <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From England to France<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Finally, William Cotton&#8217;s flute in the sale of 6 November 2021 also provides an interesting insight into the commercial flow of such models, since it is an example of an instrument made in London for France, while it is commonly accepted that the trading in such instruments was generally carried out in the opposite direction<a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">See Simon Water&#8217;s article &#8220;A French Connection: Further light on Urquhart and Cotton.&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Indeed, in addition to the two stamps \u201cCOTTON\u201d, the flute is stamped \u201cM.LE.D.DELUYNES \/ N\u00b01\u201d, probably in reference to the original owner: the French Charles Philippe d&#8217;Albert, fourth Duke of Luynes. This inscription echoes the fleur-de-lis stamped on the Cotton boxwood flute kept in a Swiss collection (see first paragraph), which most likely attests to its French origin and a patron of high social status, such as the Duke of Luynes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An exceptional provenance<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Louis XIII, the Dukes of Luynes and music<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The Dukes of Luynes received their title under Louis XIII, thanks to Charles d\u00b4Albert (1578 &#8211; 1621), a favourite of the King with whom he maintained, according to several historians, intimate relations. The musical interests of the Dukes of Luynes have been well documented since Charles d&#8217;Albert. We can read in particular in the <em>Journal de Jean H\u00e9roard Sur l&#8217;Enfance et La Jeunesse de Louis XIII<\/em> (1601-1628) that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cThe Sieur de Luynes, a gentleman whom he [Louis XIII] loved, was dressed in Swiss style, had yellow shoes with cut-outs, a big green brayette and a large strawberry ruff like that of women, and that he played the fife.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In addition, the library of the Dukes of Luynes, formerly kept at the castle of Dampierre and auctioned in 2013 by Sotheby&#8217;s, included a large number of scores, including works by Bach (1685-1750; e.g. <em>Six sonatas for harpsichord or pianoforte with accompaniment of violin or flute<\/em>) and of Lully<a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> (1632-1687; e.g. <em>Proserpine<\/em>, which includes parts for the recorder). These composers are particularly interesting to us since they included recorder parts in their works<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> See Laurence Pottier, <em>The recorder in Lully&#8217;s Tragedies in music<\/em>, thesis, Sorbonne Paris-IV, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> See Laurence Pottier, <em>The recorder repertoire in France in the baroque period<\/em>, thesis, Sorbonne Paris-IV, 1992.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1155\" height=\"866\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited.jpeg\" alt=\"Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury - Vue d'artiste de Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes, 1834 - Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles\" class=\"wp-image-12626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited.jpeg 1155w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/fleury-joseph-nicolas-robert-vue-d-artiste-de-charles-d-albert-duc-de-luynes-1834-chateau-de-versailles-edited-100x75.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1155px) 100vw, 1155px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury<br>Vue d&#8217;artiste de Charles d&#8217;Albert, duc de Luynes, 1834<br>\u00a9 Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"J. S. Bach: Suite No. 2  Minuet, Badinerie - by Lenka Molcanyiova\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hVARLQolFk0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>J. S. Bach<br>Suite No. 2 Minuet, Badinerie<br>By Lenka Molcanyiova<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Charles Philippe d\u00b4Albert, Fourth Duke of Luynes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Concerning the precise identity of the Duke of Luynes, the dating of the flute of around 1729-1740 brings us to Charles Philippe d&#8217;Albert de Luynes, Duke from 1712 to 1758, represented by Carmontelle in the year of his death (drawing kept at the museum Cond\u00e9 in Chantilly).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He is the most famous of the line thanks to his <em>Memoirs on the Court of Louis XV (1735-1758)<\/em>, which he published in 17 volumes. Indeed, his wife Marie Br\u00fblart de La Borde was the first lady of honour to Queen Marie Leszczynska and the couple were close friends of the royal family. In his memoirs, the Duke reports that the Queen dined more than 200 times in Marie Burnart&#8217;s apartment in the Palace of Versailles and that she also visited the Ch\u00e2teau de Dampierre &#8211; their main residence &#8211; several times. This monumental work is a precious document for the study of aristocratic society, and although it is not a biography and does not provide information on the Duke&#8217;s instrumental practice, there are several pointed comments on the performance of musical pieces which suggest that he had mastered the subject. In 1747, he notably commented on the performance of Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, who played as a soloist &#8220;several short pieces doubled, tripled and ornamented in the most artistic manner [\u2026] these duets [\u2026] are very difficult to perform&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Finally, at Court, the Duke was in contact with the greatest musicians of the time &#8211; such as Blavet, \u201cfamous flute player\u201d &#8211; as his chronicles confirm to us<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides the fact that the flute belonged to this eminent figure of the Court of Louis XV, it is all the more exceptional as its stamp \u201cN\u00b01\u201d probably indicates that the instrument was the favourite, or the best, of the Duke of Luynes<a href=\"#_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Louis Dussieux and Eudoxe Souli\u00e9, Memoirs of the Duke of Luynes on the Court of Louis XV (1735-1758), 17 volumes in-8o, Paris, Firmin-Didot fr\u00e8res, 1860-1865.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Quoted by Simon Waters in his online article: \u201cBlavet, famous flute player&#8221; appears on pp. 292-3 of volume 2, on Monday 22 December 1738, having apparently finished his meeting of 1,500 pounds for visiting the Court only six times in a year. \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> We thank Simon Waters for this information.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc.jpeg\" alt=\"Carmontelle - dessin rep\u00e9sentant Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes\" class=\"wp-image-12630\" width=\"464\" height=\"745\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc.jpeg 405w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc-187x300.jpeg 187w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/carmontelle-charles-d-albert-4eme-duc-62x100.jpeg 62w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Louis Carrogis de Carmontelle<br>Dessin repr\u00e9sentant Charles Philippe d&#8217;Albert de Luynes<br>Duc de 1712 \u00e0 1758<br>Conserv\u00e9 au mus\u00e9e Cond\u00e9 de Chantilly (France)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">One of the last instances of the recorder being in vogue at Court<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fame as far as within the British Royal Family<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Although the recorder was abandoned from the end of the 18th century, it is not surprising to find beautiful examples in the largest collections in Europe from the first half of the century. At that time, several makers and composers were working on making the instrument famous. For instance, Stanesby attempted to make the tenor recorder the true concert flute, and Jacques Hotteterre wrote the <em>Principles of the recorder<\/em> in 1707, in which he emphasized that the alto recorder in F &#8211; like the one owned by the Duke of Luynes &#8211; was the soloist&#8217;s flute par excellence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Several composers produced important works for the instrument &#8211; we have already mentioned Bach (e.g. the <em>Concerto for harpsichord, two recorders and strings, in F major<\/em>, BWV 1057, circa 1738) &#8211; but we also think of Georg Friedrich Handel (1685- 1759) and his <em>Six sonatas for recorder and continuo<\/em> composed around 1725-1726 for the British royal family and intended for their private use.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"661\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png\" alt=\"Jacques Hotteterre - Principes de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec - 1707\" class=\"wp-image-12640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png 661w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited-100x56.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Jacques Hotteterre<br>Principes de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec<br>1707<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Georg Friedrich Haendel : Sonate pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec et basse continue en ut Majeur op. 1 n\u00b0 7 (Les...\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AhmgcOyelVo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Georg Friedrich Haendel<br>Sonate pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec et basse continue en ut Majeur<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Portraits of musicians: the Handel mystery<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>An interesting oil on canvas &#8211; made around 1715 by J\u00e1n Kupeck\u00fd, a royal court painter, very famous during his lifetime, who notably painted a portrait of the King of England &#8211; probably depicts <a href=\"https:\/\/www.akg-images.fr\/archive\/Joueur-de-flute-2UMDHUFLF6SA.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Handel playing the recorder<\/a>. The painting is also kept in Handel&#8217;s birthplace, which has been turned into a museum (Handel-Haus, Saale, Germany). Denoting the importance of this painting, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.szepmuveszeti.hu\/mutargyak\/blockfloten-jatszo-ferfi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a copy was made and can be seen at the Budapest Fine Arts Museum<\/a> (Sz\u00e9pm\u0171v\u00e9szeti M\u00fazeum, Budapest, Hungary). This work is interesting in both confirming Handel&#8217;s taste for the recorder (while the actual sitting of the portrait is only presumed, the painting is definitely set in his house), and for featuring a recorder of the same model as the one made by Cotton and owned by to the Duke of Luynes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The painting is even more interesting when one considers that Handel settled in England in 1712 (he gained British citizenship), and that this type of flute is typical of the making in London at the time. The fact that Handel composed sonatas for recorders for the English Royal Family and that he was himself portrayed playing the instrument around 1715, shows that the instrument was still in vogue at the turn of the century. We should add that we know of another painting by J\u00e1n Kupeck\u00fd of a man of standing holding a London-style recorder, kept at the Kunsthall museum in Hamburg, which could also be a portrait of Handel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.szepmuveszeti.hu\/mutargyak\/blockfloten-jatszo-ferfi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"951\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum.jpeg\" alt=\"Portait pre\u0301sume\u0301 de Haendel - Copie de Kupecky \u00a9 Szepmuveszeti muzeum\" class=\"wp-image-12644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum.jpeg 951w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum-238x300.jpeg 238w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum-812x1024.jpeg 812w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum-768x969.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/portait-presume-de-Haendel-copie-kupecky-szepmuveszeti-muzeum-79x100.jpeg 79w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 951px) 100vw, 951px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Copie de Johann Kupecky<br>Portait pre\u0301sume\u0301 de Haendel<br>Conserv\u00e9 au Szepmuveszeti muzeum (Budapest, Hongrie)<br>\u00a9 akg-images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scholarsresource.com\/browse\/work\/2144670151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"652\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kupetzky-portrait-of-a-recorder-player.png\" alt=\"Johann Kupetzky (1667-1740) - Portrait of a Recorder Player\" class=\"wp-image-12649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kupetzky-portrait-of-a-recorder-player.png 522w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kupetzky-portrait-of-a-recorder-player-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/kupetzky-portrait-of-a-recorder-player-80x100.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Johann Kupetzky (1667-1740)<br>Portrait of a Recorder Player<br>Conserv\u00e9 au mus\u00e9e Kunsthalle (Hamburg, Allemagne)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">English painting as testimony<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Another famous figure attests to the popularity of the recorder during the first half of the 18th century: the English musician and composer William Babell (1690-1723). He composed various works for it, such as his <em>Concerto for Recorder in D major, Op. 3 n \u00b0 2<\/em>. He also had himself portrayed, around 1705, with a flute showing similarities to the one by Cotton in the sale of 6 November 2021 (artist and location unknown). The instrument therefore still enjoyed some success in the first half of the 18th century and the best makers were sought by the royal courts (at least those of England and France).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>It&#8217;s not surprising that Cotton was among those prestigious sought-after makers when considering his craftsmanship and connections. His connection to Urquhart may have brought him closer to the royal families, as his father, luthier Thomas Urquhart, had established close relationships with royal musicians while working for the Royal Chapel<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Finally, for anecdotal value but also because the example is significant, the painter Edwaert Collier \u2013 who settled permanently in England from 1706 &#8211; chose to include in his still lives several recorders similar to the Cotton one belonging to the Duke of Luynes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Simon Waters, op.cit. 2021, p.108.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"William Babell : Concerto pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en r\u00e9 majeur op. 3 n\u00b0 2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JTbyGjVyMiE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>William Babell <br>Concerto pour fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec en r\u00e9 majeur op. 3 n\u00b0 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"897\" height=\"1053\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705.jpg\" alt=\"William Babell, vers 1705\" class=\"wp-image-12656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705.jpg 897w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705-256x300.jpg 256w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705-872x1024.jpg 872w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705-768x902.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-babell-william-vers-1705-85x100.jpg 85w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 897px) 100vw, 897px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>William Babell<br>Vers 1705<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2200\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"Edwaert Collier\" class=\"wp-image-12658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-scaled.jpeg 2200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-258x300.jpeg 258w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-880x1024.jpeg 880w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-768x894.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-1320x1536.jpeg 1320w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-1760x2048.jpeg 1760w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-1568x1825.jpeg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/peinture-collier-edwaert-a-vanitas-still-life-with-a-violin-a-recorder-and-a-score-of-mus...Arble-table-top-86x100.jpeg 86w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2200px) 100vw, 2200px\" \/><figcaption>Edwaert Collier<br>A vanitas still life with a violin, a recorder and a score of music on a marble table-top<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Simon Waters for his kind assistance in writing this article.<br>You can find his article online on his website: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonwaters.net\/french-connection?fbclid=IwAR3o5sXJ0UC6XlEDSds3EPiTqzJJcKJtLJo-hDM62E9sgs6qjXtJVda0j5k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.simonwaters.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\ude80 <strong>Suivez-nous !<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/vichyencheres\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/vichyencheres\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Instagram<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-youtube  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/channel\/UCmret034wxa_aeZhCCRP1Tg\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.8,8.001c0,0-0.195-1.378-0.795-1.985c-0.76-0.797-1.613-0.801-2.004-0.847c-2.799-0.202-6.997-0.202-6.997-0.202 h-0.009c0,0-4.198,0-6.997,0.202C4.608,5.216,3.756,5.22,2.995,6.016C2.395,6.623,2.2,8.001,2.2,8.001S2,9.62,2,11.238v1.517 c0,1.618,0.2,3.237,0.2,3.237s0.195,1.378,0.795,1.985c0.761,0.797,1.76,0.771,2.205,0.855c1.6,0.153,6.8,0.201,6.8,0.201 s4.203-0.006,7.001-0.209c0.391-0.047,1.243-0.051,2.004-0.847c0.6-0.607,0.795-1.985,0.795-1.985s0.2-1.618,0.2-3.237v-1.517 C22,9.62,21.8,8.001,21.8,8.001z M9.935,14.594l-0.001-5.62l5.404,2.82L9.935,14.594z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text\">Youtube<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/04\/07\/trompe-chasse-raoux\/\" aria-label=\"Une trompe de chasse en r\u00e9 de Raoux, estampill\u00e9e \u201cSeul ordinaire du Roi\u201d\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2026-05-02-vcp-lot353-3577-77-trompe-raoux-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Trompe de chasse en R\u00e9 de RAOUX, d\u00e9but XIX\u00e8me Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 2 mai 2026 \u00a9 Vichy Ench\u00e8res\/ Photo C. Darbelet\" style=\"\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw \/ 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw \/ 12)), 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/04\/07\/trompe-chasse-raoux\/\">Une trompe de chasse en r\u00e9 de Raoux, estampill\u00e9e \u201cSeul ordinaire du Roi\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/epinette\/\" aria-label=\"L\u2019unique \u00e9pinette connue d\u2019Armand-Joseph Lion, facteur d\u2019orgues \u00e0 Mons\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\u00c9pinette en aile d\u2019oiseau d&#039;Armand-Joseph LION, 1786 Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 2 mai 2026 \u00a9 Vichy Ench\u00e8res\/ Photo C. Darbelet\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-1568x1568.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw \/ 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw \/ 12)), 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/epinette\/\">L\u2019unique \u00e9pinette connue d\u2019Armand-Joseph Lion, facteur d\u2019orgues \u00e0 Mons<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/clavecins\/\" aria-label=\"Un clavecin de Francesco Fabbri et un mod\u00e8le v\u00e9nitien : deux t\u00e9moins de la facture italienne vers 1600\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/2026-05-02-vcp-2918-5-clavecin-italien-cc1630-16x9-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Clavecin italien probablement de Francesco FABBRI Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 2 mai 2026 \u00a9 Vichy Ench\u00e8res\/ Photo C. Darbelet\" style=\"\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw \/ 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw \/ 12)), 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/clavecins\/\">Un clavecin de Francesco Fabbri et un mod\u00e8le v\u00e9nitien : deux t\u00e9moins de la facture italienne vers 1600<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes : t\u00e9moignage de la facture londonienne de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII\u00e8me&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12641,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2208,5,2377],"tags":[150,1698,171,2359,2366,2358,2354,2356,2355,2318,2331,2357,338,360,2361,2363,2371,1652,2362,1807,481,501,2375,2374,538,539,541,2369,2367,2376,2364,2373,2368,2372,800,808,2365,2342,2313,2300,2273,2281,2298,2329,2346,2328,2330,2338,1975,1963,2335,2326,2317,2333,1653,2311,2295,2332,1767,2296,2323,2301,2327,2279,2283,2297,1848,2305,2308,2294,2344,2285,2310,2306,2286,2309,1559,1560,1583,2280,2347,2277,2284,2290],"class_list":["post-12534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-flute","category-vents","category-william-cotton","tag-auction","tag-auctioneer","tag-bach","tag-bassoons-2","tag-bate-collection-2","tag-blavet-2","tag-bressan-2","tag-british-museum-2","tag-chapelle-royale-2","tag-charles-philippe-dalbert","tag-charles-philippe-dalbert-de-luynes","tag-chateau-de-dampierre-2","tag-clavecin","tag-commissaire-priseur","tag-common-flutes-2","tag-cotton-2","tag-denner-2","tag-duc-de-luynes","tag-edwaert-collier-2","tag-enchere","tag-encheres","tag-etienne-laurent","tag-eudoxe-soulie-2","tag-famille-royale-2","tag-flageolet","tag-flute","tag-flute-a-bec","tag-flute-maker-2","tag-galpin-society-2","tag-georg-friedrich-haendel-2","tag-guy-oldham-2","tag-handel-haus-2","tag-horniman-museum-and-gardens-2","tag-hotteterre-2","tag-instruments-a-cordes-pincees","tag-interencheres","tag-jacques-hotteterre-2","tag-jan-kupecky","tag-jean-jacques-rippert","tag-jeremy-montagu","tag-johann-heinrich-eichentopf","tag-john-cotton","tag-joseph-doane","tag-joseph-nicolas-robert-fleury","tag-kunsthall-de-hambourg","tag-laurence-pottier","tag-louis-carrogis-de-carmontelle","tag-louis-dussieux","tag-louis-xiii","tag-louis-xv","tag-louis-gabriel-guillemain","tag-lully","tag-m-le-d-deluynes","tag-marie-brulart-de-la-borde","tag-marie-leszczynska","tag-mary-woolstonecraft","tag-merchant-taylor","tag-musee-conde-de-chantilly","tag-musee-de-la-musique-de-paris","tag-patrick-urquhart","tag-piano-forte","tag-pierre-jaillard","tag-proserpine","tag-robert-cotton","tag-royal-college-of-music-de-londres","tag-simon-waters","tag-stanesby","tag-stanesby-junior","tag-stanesby-senior","tag-sun-fire-office","tag-szepmuveszeti-muzeum","tag-the-new-langwill-index","tag-thomas-garrett","tag-thomas-stanesby-junior","tag-tony-bingham","tag-turners-company","tag-vichy","tag-vichy-encheres","tag-violon","tag-violoniste","tag-william-babell","tag-william-cotton","tag-william-waterhouse","tag-wind-instruments","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes - Vichy Ench\u00e8res<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes : t\u00e9moignage de la facture londonienne de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII\u00e8me...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes - Vichy Ench\u00e8res\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes : t\u00e9moignage de la facture londonienne de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII\u00e8me...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vichyencheres\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-02T22:00:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-10T09:30:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"661\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"372\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"39 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/76259cb5a84dec51c1c2d5cc3eef0563\"},\"headline\":\"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-02T22:00:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-10T09:30:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":7295,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png\",\"keywords\":[\"auction\",\"auctioneer\",\"BACH\",\"Bassoons\",\"Bate Collection\",\"Blavet\",\"Bressan\",\"British Museum\",\"Chapelle royale\",\"Charles Philippe d&#039;Albert\",\"Charles Philippe d&#039;Albert de Luynes\",\"ch\u00e2teau de Dampierre\",\"Clavecin\",\"commissaire-priseur\",\"Common Flutes\",\"COTTON\",\"Denner\",\"duc de Luynes\",\"Edwaert Collier\",\"Ench\u00e8re\",\"encheres\",\"Etienne LAURENT\",\"Eudoxe Souli\u00e9\",\"famille royale\",\"flageolet\",\"fl\u00fbte\",\"fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec\",\"Flute-Maker\",\"Galpin Society\",\"Georg Friedrich Haendel\",\"Guy Oldham\",\"H\u00e4ndel-Haus\",\"Horniman Museum and Gardens\",\"Hotteterre\",\"instruments \u00e0 cordes pinc\u00e9es\",\"interencheres\",\"Jacques Hotteterre\",\"J\u00e1n Kupeck\u00fd\",\"Jean-Jacques Rippert\",\"Jeremy Montagu\",\"Johann Heinrich Eichentopf\",\"John Cotton\",\"Joseph Doane\",\"Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury\",\"Kunsthall de Hambourg\",\"Laurence Pottier\",\"Louis Carrogis de Carmontelle\",\"Louis Dussieux\",\"Louis XIII\",\"Louis XV\",\"Louis-Gabriel Guillemain\",\"Lully\",\"M.LE.D.DELUYNES\",\"Marie Br\u00fblart de La Borde\",\"Marie Leszczynska\",\"Mary Woolstonecraft\",\"Merchant Taylor\",\"mus\u00e9e Cond\u00e9 de Chantilly\",\"mus\u00e9e de la Musique de Paris\",\"Patrick Urquhart\",\"Piano forte\",\"Pierre Jaillard -\",\"Proserpine\",\"Robert Cotton\",\"Royal College of Music de Londres\",\"Simon Waters\",\"STANESBY\",\"Stanesby Junior\",\"Stanesby Senior\",\"Sun Fire Office\",\"Sz\u00e9pm\u0171v\u00e9szeti M\u00fazeum\",\"The New Langwill Index\",\"Thomas Garrett\",\"Thomas Stanesby Junior\",\"Tony Bingham\",\"Turner\u2019s Company\",\"Vichy\",\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\",\"violon\",\"violoniste\",\"William Babell\",\"William Cotton\",\"William Waterhouse\",\"Wind Instruments\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Fl\u00fbte\",\"Instruments de musique \u00e0 vent\",\"William COTTON\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes - Vichy Ench\u00e8res\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-02T22:00:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-10T09:30:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes : t\u00e9moignage de la facture londonienne de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII\u00e8me...\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png\",\"width\":661,\"height\":372,\"caption\":\"Jacques Hotteterre - Principes de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec - 1707\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/03\\\/flute-cotton-luynes\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\",\"description\":\"La maison de ventes fran\u00e7aise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les instruments de musique depuis 1983\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/homepage_logo.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/homepage_logo.gif\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1500,\"caption\":\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/vichyencheres\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/vichyencheres\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.fr\\\/vichyencheres\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/76259cb5a84dec51c1c2d5cc3eef0563\",\"name\":\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/066c93c24de5d5efeb2514336fc3fb34dcbc3b5c2072da0039d9abd06643951e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/066c93c24de5d5efeb2514336fc3fb34dcbc3b5c2072da0039d9abd06643951e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/066c93c24de5d5efeb2514336fc3fb34dcbc3b5c2072da0039d9abd06643951e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Vichy Ench\u00e8res\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vichy-encheres.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/vichyencheres\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes - Vichy Ench\u00e8res","description":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes : t\u00e9moignage de la facture londonienne de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII\u00e8me...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes - Vichy Ench\u00e8res","og_description":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes : t\u00e9moignage de la facture londonienne de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII\u00e8me...","og_url":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/","og_site_name":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vichyencheres","article_published_time":"2021-10-02T22:00:47+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-11-10T09:30:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":661,"height":372,"url":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res","Est. reading time":"39 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/"},"author":{"name":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#\/schema\/person\/76259cb5a84dec51c1c2d5cc3eef0563"},"headline":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes","datePublished":"2021-10-02T22:00:47+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-10T09:30:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/"},"wordCount":7295,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png","keywords":["auction","auctioneer","BACH","Bassoons","Bate Collection","Blavet","Bressan","British Museum","Chapelle royale","Charles Philippe d&#039;Albert","Charles Philippe d&#039;Albert de Luynes","ch\u00e2teau de Dampierre","Clavecin","commissaire-priseur","Common Flutes","COTTON","Denner","duc de Luynes","Edwaert Collier","Ench\u00e8re","encheres","Etienne LAURENT","Eudoxe Souli\u00e9","famille royale","flageolet","fl\u00fbte","fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec","Flute-Maker","Galpin Society","Georg Friedrich Haendel","Guy Oldham","H\u00e4ndel-Haus","Horniman Museum and Gardens","Hotteterre","instruments \u00e0 cordes pinc\u00e9es","interencheres","Jacques Hotteterre","J\u00e1n Kupeck\u00fd","Jean-Jacques Rippert","Jeremy Montagu","Johann Heinrich Eichentopf","John Cotton","Joseph Doane","Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury","Kunsthall de Hambourg","Laurence Pottier","Louis Carrogis de Carmontelle","Louis Dussieux","Louis XIII","Louis XV","Louis-Gabriel Guillemain","Lully","M.LE.D.DELUYNES","Marie Br\u00fblart de La Borde","Marie Leszczynska","Mary Woolstonecraft","Merchant Taylor","mus\u00e9e Cond\u00e9 de Chantilly","mus\u00e9e de la Musique de Paris","Patrick Urquhart","Piano forte","Pierre Jaillard -","Proserpine","Robert Cotton","Royal College of Music de Londres","Simon Waters","STANESBY","Stanesby Junior","Stanesby Senior","Sun Fire Office","Sz\u00e9pm\u0171v\u00e9szeti M\u00fazeum","The New Langwill Index","Thomas Garrett","Thomas Stanesby Junior","Tony Bingham","Turner\u2019s Company","Vichy","Vichy Ench\u00e8res","violon","violoniste","William Babell","William Cotton","William Waterhouse","Wind Instruments"],"articleSection":["Fl\u00fbte","Instruments de musique \u00e0 vent","William COTTON"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/","url":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/","name":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes - Vichy Ench\u00e8res","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png","datePublished":"2021-10-02T22:00:47+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-10T09:30:11+00:00","description":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes : t\u00e9moignage de la facture londonienne de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIII\u00e8me...","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Hotteterre-principes-flute-a-bec-edited.png","width":661,"height":372,"caption":"Jacques Hotteterre - Principes de la fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec - 1707"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/03\/flute-cotton-luynes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Une fl\u00fbte \u00e0 bec de William Cotton ayant appartenu au duc de Luynes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/","name":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res","description":"La maison de ventes fran\u00e7aise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les instruments de musique depuis 1983","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#organization","name":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res","url":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/homepage_logo.gif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/homepage_logo.gif","width":2000,"height":1500,"caption":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vichyencheres","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/vichyencheres","https:\/\/www.pinterest.fr\/vichyencheres"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/#\/schema\/person\/76259cb5a84dec51c1c2d5cc3eef0563","name":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/066c93c24de5d5efeb2514336fc3fb34dcbc3b5c2072da0039d9abd06643951e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/066c93c24de5d5efeb2514336fc3fb34dcbc3b5c2072da0039d9abd06643951e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/066c93c24de5d5efeb2514336fc3fb34dcbc3b5c2072da0039d9abd06643951e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Vichy Ench\u00e8res"},"url":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/author\/vichyencheres\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12534"}],"version-history":[{"count":129,"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14582,"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12534\/revisions\/14582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}