{"id":13629,"date":"2021-10-01T00:00:47","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T22:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/?p=13629"},"modified":"2021-11-10T10:30:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:30:57","slug":"tympanon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2021\/10\/01\/tympanon\/","title":{"rendered":"Un instrument oubli\u00e9 : le tympanon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" id=\"francais\"><p>Les ventes d\u2019instruments de musique sont toujours l\u2019occasion de d\u00e9couvrir des curiosit\u00e9s, des tr\u00e9sors oubli\u00e9s qui surgissent du pass\u00e9 pour notre plus grand plaisir. Ces rencontres donnent lieu \u00e0 des recherches, prenant parfois l\u2019allure de v\u00e9ritables enqu\u00eates&#8230; Cette ann\u00e9e encore, les surprises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 au rendez-vous, parmi lesquelles, un v\u00e9ritable objet de collection dont le nom ne parle plus \u00e0 personne, si ce n\u2019est aux connaisseurs : un tympanon&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-resultats.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">R\u00e9sultats<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-catalogue.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Catalogue<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contact<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--4\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/vichy-encheres\/equipe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Experts<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--5\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"#english\">English version<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13637\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-13637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1568x1045.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13645\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-13645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1568x1045.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une origine biblique : le roi David<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Alors qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un tympanon ? Les origines de cet instrument sont lointaines, puisqu\u2019il descend de la famille des cithares, et plus particuli\u00e8rement du psalt\u00e9rion, dont la naissance remonterait au moins au Moyen \u00c2ge central, vers la fin du XI<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. La cithare et le psalt\u00e9rion ont en commun une autre origine, cette fois-ci biblique, puisqu\u2019ils \u00e9taient destin\u00e9s \u00e0 jouer les psaumes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>L\u2019instrument est bien celui de David, et la racine \u00e9tymologique de psalt\u00e9rion, <em>psalmos<\/em>, signifie \u201cchanter les psaumes\u201d en latin. L\u2019apparition du psalt\u00e9rion est d\u2019ailleurs attest\u00e9e par des \u0153uvres d\u2019art &#8211; peintures, enluminures, sculptures &#8211; repr\u00e9sentant David, parfois aussi des anges, jouant du psalt\u00e9rion. Celles-ci nous permettent de constater la grande parent\u00e9 entre la forme du psalt\u00e9rion et celle du tympanon en vente le 6 novembre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"528\" height=\"775\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers.jpg\" alt=\"Psautier a\u0300 l'usage d'Angers\" data-id=\"13625\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers\/\" class=\"wp-image-13625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers.jpg 528w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers-204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers-68x100.jpg 68w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Psautier a\u0300 l&#8217;usage d&#8217;Angers &#8220;David jouant du psalte\u0301rion&#8221; XI<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> sie\u0300cle, Cathe\u0301drale d&#8217;Angers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"403\" height=\"728\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library.jpg\" alt=\"BELBELLO DA Pavia\" data-id=\"13627\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library\/\" class=\"wp-image-13627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library.jpg 403w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library-166x300.jpg 166w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library-55x100.jpg 55w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">BELBELLO DA Pavia\n&#8220;David jouant du psalte\u0301rion&#8221;\nVers 1450, British Library<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"906\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Mai\u0302tre de la Le\u0301gende de Sainte Lucie&quot;\" data-id=\"13595\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510\/\" class=\"wp-image-13595\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510-768x870.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510-88x100.jpg 88w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">&#8220;Mai\u0302tre de la Le\u0301gende de Sainte Lucie&#8221;\nD\u00e9tail de la &#8220;Vierge Marie entoure\u0301e d&#8217;Anges musiciens&#8221;\nc.1480-c.1510<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle diff\u00e9rence avec le psalt\u00e9rion ?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>L\u2019instrument, qui d\u00e9rive du psalt\u00e9rion, en est donc tr\u00e8s proche. Alors, comment les distinguer ? En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la diff\u00e9rence se situe essentiellement au niveau de la pratique musicale. Les psalt\u00e9rions appartiennent aux instruments de la famille des cordes pinc\u00e9es, tandis que les tympanons font partie des cordes frapp\u00e9es. En somme, le tympanon est un psalt\u00e9rion dont les cordes sont frapp\u00e9es au lieu d\u2019\u00eatre pinc\u00e9es. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, on utilisait des baguettes recourb\u00e9es et garnies de cuir pour jouer du tympanon, alors que l\u2019on pin\u00e7ait les cordes du psalt\u00e9rion avec les doigts, un plectre ou des crochets<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Traditionnellement, le tympanon est jou\u00e9 \u00e0 plat, ce qui n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment vrai pour le psalt\u00e9rion, comme en attestent diverses repr\u00e9sentations artistiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Cesar Charles Snoeck, <em>Catalogue de la collection d&#8217;instruments de musique anciens ou curieux<\/em>, p.23<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Bien qu\u2019ils soient difficiles \u00e0 diff\u00e9rencier sur le plan formel, nous pouvons \u00e9tablir que \u201cle tympanon est toujours trap\u00e9zo\u00efde avec des diff\u00e9rences dans les dimensions et dans l\u2019ouverture des angles, tandis que le psalt\u00e9rion pr\u00e9sente des formes vari\u00e9es; il a souvent des \u00e9chancrures sur les c\u00f4t\u00e9s; il est quelquefois triangulaire.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Pour caricaturer, le psalt\u00e9rion, dont les cordes \u00e9taient pinc\u00e9es\/gratt\u00e9es a donn\u00e9 naissance au clavecin. Quant au tympanon, il est plut\u00f4t l\u2019anc\u00eatre du clavicorde et du piano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cEtant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019y a que tr\u00e8s peu de diff\u00e9rences de structure entre les deux instruments, leur identification sur repr\u00e9sentation picturale implique qu\u2019on puisse distinguer un plectre d\u2019un marteau ; ce n\u2019est pas toujours \u00e9vident !\u201d<\/p><cite>David Munrow, Instruments de Musique du Moyen \u00c2ge et de la Renaissance, Hier &amp; Demain, 1979, p.23<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-8 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1251\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Anges musiciens&quot; de Hans Memling, 1483-1494,\" data-id=\"13597\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers\/\" class=\"wp-image-13597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers.jpg 1251w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers-1024x737.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers-100x72.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1251px) 100vw, 1251px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Hans Memling \n&#8220;Anges musiciens&#8221;\n1483-1494, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten\nAnvers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"829\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano.jpg\" alt=\"The history of the piano\" data-id=\"13599\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/5-history-piano\/\" class=\"wp-image-13599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano-768x622.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano-100x81.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The history of the piano<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"657\" height=\"598\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Alle\u0301gorie de l'Amour&quot; de Robinet Testard, vers 1496-98\" data-id=\"13601\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf\/\" class=\"wp-image-13601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf.jpg 657w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf-100x91.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Robinet Testard\n&#8220;Alle\u0301gorie de l&#8217;Amour&#8221;\nLivre des e\u0301checs amoureux d\u2019Evrard de Conty\nVers 1496-98\nFranc\u0327ais 143, f.65\nBNF<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une multitude de noms et de d\u00e9riv\u00e9s<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Dans son <em>Harmonie Universelle<\/em> publi\u00e9e en 1636, le p\u00e8re Marin Mersenne parle uniquement du psalt\u00e9rion, mais en mentionne plusieurs variations qui d\u00e9crivent en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 le tympanon &#8211; dont un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 treize ch\u0153urs de cordes. Il explique, en effet, que l\u2019instrument, \u201cfort agr\u00e9able, \u00e0 raison des sons clairs &amp; argentins que rendent ses chordes\u201d ne comporte qu\u2019une rang\u00e9e de chevalet mais que certains disposent de plusieurs s\u00e9ries de chevalets afin \u201cde toucher des duos dessus\u201d et qu\u2019il est alors jou\u00e9 avec deux baguettes<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u2019instrument de la vente du 6 novembre 2021 ne pr\u00e9sente pas de chevalet, mais on observe trois s\u00e9ries de petites \u201cvis\u201d align\u00e9es et d\u2019anciennes marques qui sugg\u00e8rent que trois chevalets auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9s. L\u2019exemple de la description de Mersenne est significatif de l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 engendr\u00e9e par le langage &#8211; souvent \u00e9quivoque &#8211; d\u2019autant plus que la famille d&#8217;instruments est r\u00e9pandue dans le monde entier depuis des si\u00e8cles. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne complique effectivement l\u2019approche historique du tympanon a proprement parl\u00e9, puisqu\u2019il est nomm\u00e9 diff\u00e9remment en fonction des pays et des \u00e9poques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Jo\u00ebl Dugot, \u201cLa facture des instruments \u00e0 cordes au temps de Jacques Dumesnil et Jean Desmoulins\u201d, dans Florence G\u00e9treau (dir.), <em>Instrumentistes et luthiers parisiens, XVIIe-XIXe si\u00e8cles<\/em>, p. 48<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>On pourra ainsi retrouver le terme de <em>Dulcimer<\/em> chez les Anglais, celui de <em>Doucemelle<\/em>, <em>Salt\u00e8re<\/em>, <em>Canon<\/em> dans la langue fran\u00e7aise, ou encore le nom de <em>Salterio tedesco<\/em> chez les Italiens, etc<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Ces diff\u00e9rentes d\u00e9nominations peuvent aussi bien renvoyer au tympanon tel qu\u2019on le d\u00e9finit, qu\u2019\u00e0 une forme d\u00e9riv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Cesar Charles Snoeck, <em>Catalogue de la collection d&#8217;instruments de musique anciens ou curieux<\/em>, p.22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"676\" height=\"868\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet.jpg\" alt=\"Probable marque d\u2019un ancien chevalet\" data-id=\"13603\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet\/\" class=\"wp-image-13603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet.jpg 676w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet-78x100.jpg 78w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Probable marque d\u2019un ancien chevalet<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"261\" height=\"195\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636.jpg\" alt=\"Marin Mersenne, Harmonie Universelle, 1636\" data-id=\"13605\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636\/\" class=\"wp-image-13605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636.jpg 261w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636-100x75.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Marin Mersenne\nHarmonie Universelle, 1636<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le tympanon rentre \u00e0 la Cour&#8230;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cLe mot dulcimer (dowsemere, dulcoemel, etc\u2026 et plus tard dulce melos) appara\u00eet pour la premi\u00e8re fois au XIV<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et souligne la douceur de ton de l\u2019instrument. Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de frappe donna naissance au nom <em>tympanon<\/em>, dont on trouve des variantes en langue celte, en fran\u00e7ais et en italien.\u201d<\/p><cite>David Munrow, Instruments de Musique du Moyen \u00c2ge et de la Renaissance, Hier &amp; Demain, 1979, p.23<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00c0 partir de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XVII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le terme \u201ctympanon\u201d prend l\u2019ascendant sur les autres, et notamment sur celui de psalt\u00e9rion. Au XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, les choses deviennent plus claires gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution de la forme du tympanon, qui s\u2019agrandit et d\u00e9veloppe des proportions et un niveau de complexit\u00e9<em> <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/dulcibricabrac.canalblog.com\/archives\/2018\/12\/18\/36950973.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">le distinguant des autres instruments<\/a>. \u00c0 l\u2019image du tympanon en vente le 6 novembre 2021 \u00e0 Vichy Ench\u00e8res, ses dimensions deviennent plus importantes, tout comme son niveau de raffinement. Ses cordes sont regroup\u00e9es par ch\u0153ur de deux \u00e0 quatre cordes &#8211; comme c\u2019est le cas du tympanon en vente &#8211; accord\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019unisson et divis\u00e9es en plusieurs segments par des chevalets, permettant ainsi d\u2019obtenir diff\u00e9rentes hauteurs de note.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-10 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13643\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4\/\" class=\"wp-image-13643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-1568x2352.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-67x100.jpg 67w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13639\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-13639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-1568x2352.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-67x100.jpg 67w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13641\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3\/\" class=\"wp-image-13641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-1568x2352.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-67x100.jpg 67w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13637\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-13637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1568x1045.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13645\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-13645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1568x1045.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Durant la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du XVII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et le premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, l\u2019instrument est en vogue dans l\u2019aristocratie europ\u00e9enne, que ce soit en France, Italie, Allemagne. Le compositeur, facteur et musicien allemand, Pantal\u00e9on Hebenstreit (1668-1750), modifie l\u2019instrument en le faisant passer de trois \u00e0 cinq octaves, et l\u2019introduit \u00e0 la cour du roi Louis XIV en 1705<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Au XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, on compose \u00e9galement pour le tympanon, comme en t\u00e9moigne un manuscrit d\u2019airs galants conserv\u00e9 \u00e0 la Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France. L\u2019\u00e9volution de la forme de l\u2019instrument ayant entra\u00een\u00e9 un alourdissement de son poids, celui-ci est pos\u00e9 \u00e0 plat sur une table. L\u00e0-encore, l\u2019iconographie nous renseigne sur cette nouvelle pratique aristocratique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Sur ce sujet, voir Sarah E. Hanks, Pantaleon&#8217;s Pantalon: An 18th-Century Musical Fashion, The Musical Quarterly, v<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/i229644\">ol. 55, No. 2, 1969<\/a>, pp. 215-227<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Voyez plut\u00f4t l\u2019estampe d\u2019un anonyme fran\u00e7ais du XVII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle repr\u00e9sentant un homme de qualit\u00e9 jouant du tympanon (Louvre) ; ou encore la sanguine de Robert Bonnart<strong> <\/strong>(1652-1733) conserv\u00e9e \u00e0 la Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France &#8211; superbe t\u00e9moignage des divertissements et de la mode de l\u2019\u00e9poque. Fait int\u00e9ressant concernant ce dessin :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cCette composition, une fois grav\u00e9e, eut une grande fortune : elle fut copi\u00e9e dans plusieurs pays du Nord de l\u2019Europe [&#8230;] et servit de motif central pour de nombreux \u00ab Chines de commande \u00bb, dans lesquels les personnages de la Cour fran\u00e7aise [&#8230;] sont transform\u00e9s en figures chinoises v\u00eatues de costumes europ\u00e9ens.\u201d<\/p><cite><em>Dessins fran\u00e7ais du XII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Inventaire<\/em>, Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France, p.72 <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la fin du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Marie Antoinette &#8211; dont le go\u00fbt pour la musique n\u2019est plus \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer (<a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/01\/harpe-erard-holtzman\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00e0 ce propos, retrouvez notre article sur les harpes<\/a>) &#8211; va jusqu\u2019\u00e0 faire r\u00e9aliser un automate jouant du tympanon pour Louis XVI. On constate que ce dernier s&#8217;apparente d\u00e9j\u00e0, \u00e0 la fin du si\u00e8cle, au futur piano.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"621\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Homme de qualite\u0301 jouant du tympanon&quot;\" data-id=\"13607\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre\/\" class=\"wp-image-13607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre.jpg 404w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre-65x100.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">&#8220;Homme de qualite\u0301 jouant du tympanon&#8221; Anonyme franc\u0327ais du XVII<sup>e\u0300me<\/sup> sie\u0300cle Estampe e\u0301dite\u0301e par Antoine Trouvain, Louvre<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"476\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Symphonie du tympanon, du luth et de la flu\u0302te d'Allemagne&quot;\" data-id=\"13609\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf\/\" class=\"wp-image-13609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf.jpg 476w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf-70x100.jpg 70w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 476px) 100vw, 476px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">&#8220;Symphonie du tympanon, du luth et de la flu\u0302te d&#8217;Allemagne&#8221;\nEstampe d&#8217;apre\u0300s Robert Bonnart\nSanguine et lavis de sanguine, BNF<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722.jpg\" alt=\"Chine, e\u0301poque Kangxi (1662-1722)\" data-id=\"13613\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-13613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722.jpg 1599w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-1568x1176.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-100x75.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Chine, e\u0301poque Kangxi (1662-1722)\nPlat rond en porcelaine blanche e\u0301maille\u0301e en bleu sous couverte<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"D\u00e9monstration de l&#039;automate de Marie Antoinette &quot;La joueuse de tympanon&quot;\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1TCCxvuqZcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8230;et se couvre d\u2019ornements !<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Qui dit aristocratie, dit raffinement. Ainsi, au tournant des XVII\u00e8me et XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cles, l\u2019instrument se pare d\u2019ornements. Le tympanon de la vente du 6 novembre 2021 en est un bel exemple, tant par ses formes que par sa d\u00e9coration. Il est richement et finement agr\u00e9ment\u00e9 de sc\u00e8nes en <em>arte povera<\/em> repr\u00e9sentant, sur la table d\u2019harmonie, des motifs de la faune et de la flore, ainsi que des couples de musiciens asiatiques &#8211; typiques des chinoiseries &#8211; t\u00e9moignant du go\u00fbt de l&#8217;aristocratie europ\u00e9ennes de l\u2019\u00e9poque pour l\u2019esth\u00e9tique asiatique. Ces personnages sont effectivement dans la m\u00eame veine que les <em>Chinois musiciens <\/em>peints par Antoine Watteau vers 1710, ou que les fresques de Tiepolo de la Villa Valmarana \u00e0 Vicence (V\u00e9n\u00e9tie).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-12 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"548\" height=\"642\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Musicien chinois&quot; d'Antoine Watteau, vers 1710\" data-id=\"13615\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys\/\" class=\"wp-image-13615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys.jpg 548w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys-256x300.jpg 256w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys-85x100.jpg 85w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Antoine Watteau\n&#8220;Musicien chinois&#8221;, vers 1710\nCollection particulie\u0300re, Sotheby&#8217;s<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-13 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1072\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757.jpg\" alt=\"Fresque italienne de Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, 1757\" data-id=\"13617\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757\/\" class=\"wp-image-13617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757-75x100.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">L&#8217;Occident reproduit les images de l&#8217;Orient\nFresque italienne de Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, 1757<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00e9tail - chinoiserie\" data-id=\"13619\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/14-detail-chinoiserie\/\" class=\"wp-image-13619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie.jpg 477w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie-81x100.jpg 81w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">D\u00e9tail &#8211; chinoiserie<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1707\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00e9tail - chinoiserie\" data-id=\"13621\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/15-detail-chinoiserie\/\" class=\"wp-image-13621\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-scaled.jpg 1707w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-1568x2352.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-67x100.jpg 67w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1707px) 100vw, 1707px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">D\u00e9tail &#8211; chinoiserie<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>On trouve \u00e9galement, sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 avant, plusieurs sc\u00e8nes rurales figurant des gentilshommes et sur l\u2019arri\u00e8re, deux architectures et une femme devant une grotte. La technique de l\u2019<em>arte povera<\/em> &#8211; d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e \u00e0 Venise \u00e0 la fin du XVII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle &#8211; est int\u00e9ressante et renforce l\u2019attribution de l\u2019instrument \u00e0 un artiste italien du premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. L\u2019Italie est l\u2019un des pays \u00e0 avoir le plus fabriqu\u00e9 de tympanons aux XVII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> et XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cles. R\u00e9cemment, un rare coffret de tympanon v\u00e9nitien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 vers 1740 \u00e9tait vendu aux ench\u00e8res et pr\u00e9sentait un d\u00e9cor en <em>arte povera<\/em> du m\u00eame type. Notons que les parties lat\u00e9rales de l\u2019instrument sont \u00e9galement recouvertes de formes sinueuses.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le de ce tympanon est \u00e0 la fois rare et \u00e9l\u00e9gant. Ses courbes en bordures rompent avec la duret\u00e9 habituelle de l\u2019instrument et semblent \u00e9voquer la dentelle. Le mus\u00e9e de la Musique conserve l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/collectionsdumusee.philharmoniedeparis.fr\/image.ashx?q=https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/media\/CM\/IMAGE\/CMIM000030799.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">un des rares exemplaires ayant une forme similaire et datant de la m\u00eame \u00e9poque<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, on observe que toutes les parties constitutives de l\u2019instrument ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enrichies et stylis\u00e9es. Les deux rosaces sont en bois dor\u00e9 et sculpt\u00e9 de feuilles d\u2019acanthes. On trouve \u00e9galement quatres autres pi\u00e8ces d\u00e9coratives en bois dor\u00e9 et sculpt\u00e9 de palmettes, rinceaux et feuilles d\u2019acanthes. Sur l\u2019arri\u00e8re, un pied en forme de patte de griffon a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9. Tous ces ornements &#8211; conformes au go\u00fbt aristocratique de l\u2019\u00e9poque &#8211; ainsi que cet \u00e9vident souci du d\u00e9tail, t\u00e9moignent de l\u2019irruption de l\u2019instrument dans les cours europ\u00e9ennes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-14 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1258\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020.jpg\" alt=\"Rare coffret pour Tympanon ou Dulcimer en bois laque\u0301 a\u0300 de\u0301cor en Arte Povera\" data-id=\"13623\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020\/\" class=\"wp-image-13623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020-1024x752.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020-768x564.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020-100x73.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1258px) 100vw, 1258px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Rare coffret pour Tympanon ou Dulcimer en bois laque\u0301 a\u0300 de\u0301cor en Arte Povera\nTravail ve\u0301nitien vers 1740\nVente Coutau Begarie du 6 octobre 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1781\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"13876\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris\/\" class=\"wp-image-13876\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-1024x712.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-768x534.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-1536x1069.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-2048x1425.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-1568x1091.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-100x70.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon conserv\u00e9 au Mus\u00e9e de la musique de Paris<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Les tympanons du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle sont aujourd\u2019hui tr\u00e8s rares. Beaucoup de mod\u00e8les ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits, notamment en raison de l\u2019association de l\u2019instrument \u00e0 la figure du monarque. La vente de Vichy Ench\u00e8res du 6 novembre 2021 se pr\u00e9sente ainsi comme une chance d\u2019observer un instrument oubli\u00e9, mais aussi d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir cet objet de collection charg\u00e9 d\u2019histoire&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"english\">A FORGOTTEN INSTRUMENT: THE HAMMERED DULCIMER<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Musical instrument sales are always an opportunity to discover curiosities and forgotten treasures from the past, which resurface for our great enjoyment. These discoveries require research work, which sometimes turns into lengthy investigations&#8230; This year, once more, discoveries were made, including that of a real collector&#8217;s item whose name is no longer familiar to anyone, except to connoisseurs: a \u201ctympanon\u201d (in French), or hammered dulcimer&#8230;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--15\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-resultats.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Results<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--16\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-catalogue.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Catalog<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--17\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contact<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--18\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/vichy-encheres-3\/team\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Experts<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--19\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"#francais\">Version fran\u00e7aise<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-20 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13637\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-13637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1568x1045.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13645\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-13645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1568x1045.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A biblical origin: King David<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>So what is a hammered dulcimer? The origins of this instrument are buried in the past, since it descends from the zither family of instruments, and more specifically from the psaltery, whose origin dates back at least to the Central Middle Ages, towards the end of the 11th century. The zither and the psaltery have something else in common: the bible, as they were both used to play the psalms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The instrument is indeed that of David, and the root of the word psaltery, <em>psalmos<\/em>, means &#8220;to sing the psalms&#8221; in Latin. Moreover, the first appearance of the psaltery is confirmed by works of art \u2013 paintings, stained glass and sculptures &#8211; representing David, and sometimes also angels, playing the psaltery. These demonstrate the closeness of form between the psaltery and the hammered dulcimer, such as the one in the sale of 6 November.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-21 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"528\" height=\"775\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers.jpg\" alt=\"Psautier a\u0300 l'usage d'Angers\" data-id=\"13625\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers\/\" class=\"wp-image-13625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers.jpg 528w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers-204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1-psautier-angers-david-jouant-psalterion-11eme-cathedrale-angers-68x100.jpg 68w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Psautier a\u0300 l&#8217;usage d&#8217;Angers &#8220;David jouant du psalte\u0301rion&#8221; XI<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> sie\u0300cle, Cathe\u0301drale d&#8217;Angers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"403\" height=\"728\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library.jpg\" alt=\"BELBELLO DA Pavia\" data-id=\"13627\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library\/\" class=\"wp-image-13627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library.jpg 403w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library-166x300.jpg 166w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2-belbello-da-pavia-david-jouant-psalterion-1450-british-library-55x100.jpg 55w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">BELBELLO DA Pavia\n&#8220;David jouant du psalte\u0301rion&#8221;\nVers 1450, British Library<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"906\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Mai\u0302tre de la Le\u0301gende de Sainte Lucie&quot;\" data-id=\"13595\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510\/\" class=\"wp-image-13595\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510-768x870.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/3-maitre-legende-ste-lucie-1480-1510-88x100.jpg 88w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">&#8220;Mai\u0302tre de la Le\u0301gende de Sainte Lucie&#8221;\nD\u00e9tail de la &#8220;Vierge Marie entoure\u0301e d&#8217;Anges musiciens&#8221;\nc.1480-c.1510<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the difference between the psaltery and the hammered dulcimer?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The hammered dulcimer, which derives from the psaltery, is therefore very close to it. So how do you tell them apart? In reality, the difference essentially lies in the way in which they were played. The psaltery belongs to the plucked strings family of instruments, while the hammered dulcimer belongs to that of the struck strings. In short, the hammered dulcimer is a psaltery whose strings are struck instead of being plucked. Usually, curved mallet drumsticks or hammers with leather tips were used to play the hammered dulcimer, while the strings of the psaltery were plucked with fingers, a plectrum, or hooks<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>.  Traditionally, the hammered dulcimer was played flat, which is not necessarily true for the psaltery, as various artistic representations attest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Cesar Charles Snoeck, <em>Catalogue de la collection d&#8217;instruments de musique anciens ou curieux<\/em>, p.23<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Although they are difficult to differentiate in form, it has been established that \u201cthe hammered dulcimer is always trapezoidal, with differences in the dimensions and angles, while the psaltery can have different shapes; it often has cut-outs on the sides; it is sometimes triangular.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> In a way you could say that the psaltery, whose strings were plucked \/ strummed, gave birth to the harpsichord. As for the hammered dulcimer, it is rather the ancestor of the clavichord and the piano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cSince there are very few structural differences between the two instruments, their identification in pictures requires that we can see the plectrum or hammer they are played with, which is not always easy!\u201d<\/p><cite>David Munrow, Instruments de Musique du Moyen \u00c2ge et de la Renaissance, Hier &amp; Demain, 1979, p.23<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-22 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1251\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Anges musiciens&quot; de Hans Memling, 1483-1494,\" data-id=\"13597\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers\/\" class=\"wp-image-13597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers.jpg 1251w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers-1024x737.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/4-hans-memling-anges-musiciens-1483-1494-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten-anvers-100x72.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1251px) 100vw, 1251px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Hans Memling \n&#8220;Anges musiciens&#8221;\n1483-1494, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten\nAnvers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"829\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano.jpg\" alt=\"The history of the piano\" data-id=\"13599\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/5-history-piano\/\" class=\"wp-image-13599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano-768x622.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/5-history-piano-100x81.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The history of the piano<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"657\" height=\"598\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Alle\u0301gorie de l'Amour&quot; de Robinet Testard, vers 1496-98\" data-id=\"13601\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf\/\" class=\"wp-image-13601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf.jpg 657w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/6-robinet-testard-allegorie-amour-livre-echecs-amoureux-evrard-de-conty-1496-98-bnf-100x91.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Robinet Testard\n&#8220;Alle\u0301gorie de l&#8217;Amour&#8221;\nLivre des e\u0301checs amoureux d\u2019Evrard de Conty\nVers 1496-98\nFranc\u0327ais 143, f.65\nBNF<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A multitude of names and derivatives<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In his <em>Harmonie Universelle<\/em> published in 1636, Father Marin Mersenne wrote only about the psaltery, but mentioned as well several variations of it that actually describe the hammered dulcimer &#8211; including a 13-course model. Indeed, he explained that the instrument, &#8220;very pleasant, because of the clear &amp; Argentinian sounds that its strings make&#8221;, only has one row of bridges, but that some examples have several series of bridges in order &#8220;to play duets on it\u201d and that it is then played with two hammers<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. The instrument in the sale of 6 November 2021 does not have a bridge, but there are three series of small aligned \u201cscrews\u201d and old marks that suggest that three bridges were fitted originally. Mersenne&#8217;s description is an example of the ambiguity created by the &#8211; often confusing \u2013 language used in relation to these instruments, especially since this family of instruments has been widespread throughout the world for centuries. This confusion complicates the historical study of the hammered dulcimer, since it is found under different names depending on the country and time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Jo\u00ebl Dugot, \u201cLa facture des instruments \u00e0 cordes au temps de Jacques Dumesnil et Jean Desmoulins\u201d, dans Florence G\u00e9treau (dir.), <em>Instrumentistes et luthiers parisiens, XVIIe-XIXe si\u00e8cles<\/em>, p. 48<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Indeed, it can be found under the name <em>Dulcimer<\/em> in English, <em>Doucemelle, Salt\u00e8re or Canon<\/em> in French, <em>Salterio tedesco<\/em> in Italian, etc<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. These different names can refer to the hammered dulcimer, as we defined it earlier, or to a derivative form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Cesar Charles Snoeck, <em>Catalogue de la collection d&#8217;instruments de musique anciens ou curieux<\/em>, p.22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-23 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"676\" height=\"868\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet.jpg\" alt=\"Probable marque d\u2019un ancien chevalet\" data-id=\"13603\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet\/\" class=\"wp-image-13603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet.jpg 676w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7-probable-marque-ancien-chevalet-78x100.jpg 78w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Probable marque d\u2019un ancien chevalet<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"261\" height=\"195\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636.jpg\" alt=\"Marin Mersenne, Harmonie Universelle, 1636\" data-id=\"13605\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636\/\" class=\"wp-image-13605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636.jpg 261w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/8-marin-mersenne-harmonie-universelle-1636-100x75.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Marin Mersenne\nHarmonie Universelle, 1636<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The hammered dulcimer enters the Court&#8230;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cThe word dulcimer (dowsemere, dulcoemel, etc., and later dulce melos) first appeared in the 14th century and has its roots in the soft tone of the instrument. The percussive method of playing it gave rise to the name hammered dulcimer, of which we find variants in Celtic, French and Italian.\u201d<\/p><cite>David Munrow, Instruments de Musique du Moyen \u00c2ge et de la Renaissance, Hier &amp; Demain, 1979, p.23<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>From the second half of the 17th century, the term &#8220;hammered dulcimer&#8221; started to take precedence over others, in particular that of \u201cpsaltery\u201d. In the 18th century, things became clearer thanks to the evolution of the form of the hammered dulcimer, which grew larger, and whose proportions and level of complexity<em> <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/dulcibricabrac.canalblog.com\/archives\/2018\/12\/18\/36950973.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">set it apart from other instruments<\/a>. Like the hammered dulcimer in the sale of 6 November 2021 at Vichy Ench\u00e8res, its dimensions had increased, as had its degree of refinement. Its strings were grouped in courses of two to four strings &#8211; as is the case with the hammered dulcimer for sale &#8211; tuned in unison, and divided into several sections by bridges, which allowed for different pitches.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-24 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13643\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4\/\" class=\"wp-image-13643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-1568x2352.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-67x100.jpg 67w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-4-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13639\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-13639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-1568x2352.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-67x100.jpg 67w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-2-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13641\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3\/\" class=\"wp-image-13641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-1568x2352.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-67x100.jpg 67w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-3-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13637\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-13637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-1568x1045.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-1-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Italie.\" data-id=\"13645\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021-11-05-06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5\/\" class=\"wp-image-13645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-1568x1045.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2021-11-05.06-vcp-194784-15-tympanon-5-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon, premier tiers du XVIII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Italie<br>Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 6 novembre 2021 \u00a9 Christophe DARBELET<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>During the second half of the 17th century and the first third of the 18th century, the instrument was popular among the European aristocracy, whether in France, Italy or Germany. The German composer, maker and musician, Pantal\u00e9on Hebenstreit (1668-1750), modified the instrument by increasing the number of octaves it could play from three to five, and introduced it to the Court of King Louis XIV in 1705<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. In the 18th century, music was composed specifically for the instrument, as can be seen from a manuscript of gallant airs kept at the Bibliotheque Nationale of France. With the increase in size of the instrument came additional weight; it was therefore now played flat on a table. Once more, iconography provides evidence of this new aristocratic practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Sur ce sujet, voir Sarah E. Hanks, Pantaleon&#8217;s Pantalon: An 18th-Century Musical Fashion, The Musical Quarterly, v<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/i229644\">ol. 55, No. 2, 1969<\/a>, pp. 215-227<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>For instance, a print from an anonymous 17th century French artist depicts a man of quality playing the hammered dulcimer (Louvre); another example, the sanguine drawing by Robert Bonnart (1652-1733) kept at the Bibliotheque Nationale of France, provides an invaluable testament to the entertainment practices and fashion of the time. The following is an interesting fact about this drawing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-left is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cThis composition, once engraved, had great success: it was copied in several countries of northern Europe [\u2026] and served as a central motif for many Chinese export porcelain items, in which figures of the French Court [\u2026] were morphed into Chinese characters dressed in European clothing.\u201d<\/p><cite><em>Dessins fran\u00e7ais du XII<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, Inventaire<\/em>, Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France, p.72 <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>At the end of the 18th century, Marie Antoinette &#8211; whose fondness for music is well documented (<a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/01\/harpe-erard-holtzman\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">on this subject, see our article on harps<\/a>) &#8211; went as far as to have an automaton playing the hammered dulcimer made for Louis XVI. We can see that this instrument already resembled, by the end of the century, the piano yet to come.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-25 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"621\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Homme de qualite\u0301 jouant du tympanon&quot;\" data-id=\"13607\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre\/\" class=\"wp-image-13607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre.jpg 404w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9-estampe-homme-jouant-tympanon-17em-louvre-65x100.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">&#8220;Homme de qualite\u0301 jouant du tympanon&#8221; Anonyme franc\u0327ais du XVII<sup>e\u0300me<\/sup> sie\u0300cle Estampe e\u0301dite\u0301e par Antoine Trouvain, Louvre<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"476\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Symphonie du tympanon, du luth et de la flu\u0302te d'Allemagne&quot;\" data-id=\"13609\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf\/\" class=\"wp-image-13609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf.jpg 476w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/10-estampe-robert-bonnart-symphonie-tympanon-luth-flute-allemagne-bnf-70x100.jpg 70w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 476px) 100vw, 476px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">&#8220;Symphonie du tympanon, du luth et de la flu\u0302te d&#8217;Allemagne&#8221;\nEstampe d&#8217;apre\u0300s Robert Bonnart\nSanguine et lavis de sanguine, BNF<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1199\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722.jpg\" alt=\"Chine, e\u0301poque Kangxi (1662-1722)\" data-id=\"13613\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-13613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722.jpg 1599w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-1568x1176.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/11-plat-porcelaine-email-bleu-chine-kangxi-1662-1722-100x75.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Chine, e\u0301poque Kangxi (1662-1722)\nPlat rond en porcelaine blanche e\u0301maille\u0301e en bleu sous couverte<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"D\u00e9monstration de l&#039;automate de Marie Antoinette &quot;La joueuse de tympanon&quot;\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1TCCxvuqZcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8230;and is decorated with ornaments!<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>With aristocracy came refinement. Indeed, at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, the instrument was adorned with ornaments. The hammered dulcimer in the sale of 6 November 6 is a beautiful example of this, both in terms of its form and its decoration. It is richly and finely decorated with <em>arte povera<\/em> scenes on the soundboard, representing flora and fauna, as well as Southeast Asian musician couples \u2013 typical of the <em>chinoiserie<\/em> style &#8211; attesting to the taste of the European aristocracy of the time for Southeast Asian art. These characters are indeed akin to the <em>Chinese musicians<\/em> painted by Antoine Watteau around 1710, or the frescoes by Tiepolo in the Villa Valmarana in Vicenza (Veneto).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-26 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"548\" height=\"642\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Musicien chinois&quot; d'Antoine Watteau, vers 1710\" data-id=\"13615\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys\/\" class=\"wp-image-13615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys.jpg 548w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys-256x300.jpg 256w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/12-antoine-watteau-musicien-chinois-1710-sothebys-85x100.jpg 85w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Antoine Watteau\n&#8220;Musicien chinois&#8221;, vers 1710\nCollection particulie\u0300re, Sotheby&#8217;s<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-27 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1072\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757.jpg\" alt=\"Fresque italienne de Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, 1757\" data-id=\"13617\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757\/\" class=\"wp-image-13617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757-764x1024.jpg 764w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757-768x1029.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/13-fresque-italienne-giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-1757-75x100.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">L&#8217;Occident reproduit les images de l&#8217;Orient\nFresque italienne de Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, 1757<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00e9tail - chinoiserie\" data-id=\"13619\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/14-detail-chinoiserie\/\" class=\"wp-image-13619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie.jpg 477w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/14-detail-chinoiserie-81x100.jpg 81w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">D\u00e9tail &#8211; chinoiserie<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1707\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00e9tail - chinoiserie\" data-id=\"13621\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/15-detail-chinoiserie\/\" class=\"wp-image-13621\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-scaled.jpg 1707w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-1568x2352.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/15-detail-chinoiserie-67x100.jpg 67w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1707px) 100vw, 1707px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">D\u00e9tail &#8211; chinoiserie<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>On trouve \u00e9galement, sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 avant, plusieurs On the front, there are also several rural scenes depicting gentlemen, and on the back, two architectural designs and a woman in front of a cave. The use of the <em>arte povera<\/em> technique &#8211; developed in Venice at the end of the 17th century &#8211; is interesting and reinforces the theory that the instrument was made by an Italian artist from the first third of the 18th century. Italy is one of the countries to have produced the most hammered dulcimers in the 17th and 18th centuries. Recently, a rare Venetian hammered dulcimer casket made around 1740 was sold at auction and featured similar <em>arte povera<\/em> decoration. It is worth noting as well that the sides of the instrument are also decorated with sinuous shapes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The form of this hammered dulcimer is both rare and elegant. Its curved edges are in contrast with the usual angularity of the instrument and seem to evoke lace. The Musee de la Musique keeps <a href=\"https:\/\/collectionsdumusee.philharmoniedeparis.fr\/image.ashx?q=https:\/\/mimo-international.com\/media\/CM\/IMAGE\/CMIM000030799.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one of the other rare examples with a similar shape, which dates from the same period<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, we can see that all the constituent parts of the instrument have been adorned and stylized. The two rosettes are in gilded wood and feature acanthus leaf carvings. There are four other decorative elements in gilded wood, with carvings representing palm leaves, <em>rinceaux <\/em>and acanthus leaves. On the rear, a griffin paw was added. All these ornaments, which are in keeping with the aristocratic taste of the time, as well as the clear attention to detail in its craftsmanship, attest to the instrument&#8217;s rise in the European Courts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-28 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1258\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020.jpg\" alt=\"Rare coffret pour Tympanon ou Dulcimer en bois laque\u0301 a\u0300 de\u0301cor en Arte Povera\" data-id=\"13623\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020\/\" class=\"wp-image-13623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020-1024x752.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020-768x564.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/16-travail-venitien-1740-coffret-tympanon-ou-dulcimer-coutau-begarie-6-10-2020-100x73.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1258px) 100vw, 1258px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Rare coffret pour Tympanon ou Dulcimer en bois laque\u0301 a\u0300 de\u0301cor en Arte Povera\nTravail ve\u0301nitien vers 1740\nVente Coutau Begarie du 6 octobre 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1781\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"13876\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris\/\" class=\"wp-image-13876\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-1024x712.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-768x534.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-1536x1069.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-2048x1425.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-1568x1091.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/17-tympanon-musee-musique-paris-100x70.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Tympanon conserv\u00e9 au Mus\u00e9e de la musique de Paris<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Eighteenth-century hammered dulcimers are very rare today. Many examples have been destroyed, not least because of the instrument&#8217;s association with the monarchy. The Vichy Ench\u00e8res sale of 6 November 2021 therefore presents a unique opportunity to study a forgotten instrument, but also to acquire this collector&#8217;s item steeped in history&#8230;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\ude80 <strong>Suivez-nous !<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/vichyencheres\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 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href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/epinette\/\" aria-label=\"L\u2019unique \u00e9pinette connue d\u2019Armand-Joseph Lion, facteur d\u2019orgues \u00e0 Mons\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\u00c9pinette en aile d\u2019oiseau d&#039;Armand-Joseph LION, 1786 Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 2 mai 2026 \u00a9 Vichy Ench\u00e8res\/ Photo C. Darbelet\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-1568x1568.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/06-2026-05-02-vcp-3879-1-epinette-lion-armand-joseph-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw \/ 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw \/ 12)), 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/epinette\/\">L\u2019unique \u00e9pinette connue d\u2019Armand-Joseph Lion, facteur d\u2019orgues \u00e0 Mons<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/clavecins\/\" aria-label=\"Un clavecin de Francesco Fabbri et un mod\u00e8le v\u00e9nitien : deux t\u00e9moins de la facture italienne vers 1600\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/2026-05-02-vcp-2918-5-clavecin-italien-cc1630-16x9-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Clavecin italien probablement de Francesco FABBRI Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 2 mai 2026 \u00a9 Vichy Ench\u00e8res\/ Photo C. Darbelet\" style=\"\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw \/ 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw \/ 12)), 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/clavecins\/\">Un clavecin de Francesco Fabbri et un mod\u00e8le v\u00e9nitien : deux t\u00e9moins de la facture italienne vers 1600<\/a><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/cor-de-chasse-demi-lune-cretien-pere\/\" aria-label=\"D\u00e9couverte d\u2019un grand cor de chasse de Cr\u00e9tien\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/2026-05-02-vcp-4203-1-cor-cretien-16x9-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Cor de chasse en laiton de forme demi-lune dit \u00ab grand cor \u00bb r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par un des membres de la famille CRETIEN Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 2 mai 2026 \u00a9 Vichy Ench\u00e8res\/ Photo C. Darbelet\" style=\"\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw \/ 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw \/ 12)), 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2026\/03\/13\/cor-de-chasse-demi-lune-cretien-pere\/\">D\u00e9couverte d\u2019un grand cor de chasse de Cr\u00e9tien<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00e9ritable objet de collection dont le nom ne parle plus \u00e0 personne, si ce n\u2019est aux connaisseurs : le tympanon&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13637,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2581],"tags":[2576,2471,2579,150,1698,2549,2575,2559,2564,1661,360,2565,2566,2570,2550,2571,1807,481,2556,501,2553,2580,2557,1956,799,808,2573,2569,1794,2457,2015,2460,2560,1981,2572,2561,1271,2568,2555,2558,2548,2574,2563,2552,2562,2567,2551,2578,2554,1559,1560,2577,1583],"class_list":["post-13629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tympanon","tag-antoine-trouvain","tag-antoine-watteau","tag-arte-povera","tag-auction","tag-auctioneer","tag-belbello-da-pavia","tag-bibliotheque-nationale-de-france","tag-british-library","tag-canon","tag-cithare","tag-commissaire-priseur","tag-doucemelle","tag-dowsemere","tag-dulce-melos","tag-dulcimer","tag-dulcoemel","tag-enchere","tag-encheres","tag-enluminure","tag-etienne-laurent","tag-evrard-de-conty","tag-giovanni-domenico","tag-hans-memling","tag-harmonie-universelle","tag-instrument-de-musique","tag-interencheres","tag-kangxi","tag-koninklijk-museum-voor-schone-kunsten","tag-louis-xiv","tag-louis-xvi","tag-louvre","tag-marie-antoinette-2","tag-marin-mersenne","tag-musee-de-la-musique","tag-pantaleon-hebenstreit","tag-peinture","tag-piano","tag-plectre","tag-psalmos","tag-psalterion","tag-psaume","tag-robert-bonnart","tag-robinet-testard","tag-roi-david","tag-saltere","tag-salterio-tedesco","tag-sculpture","tag-tiepolo","tag-tympanon","tag-vichy","tag-vichy-encheres","tag-villa-valmarana","tag-violon","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un instrument oubli\u00e9 : le tympanon - Vichy Ench\u00e8res<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00e9ritable objet de collection dont le nom ne parle plus \u00e0 personne, si ce n\u2019est aux connaisseurs : le tympanon...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/2021\/10\/01\/tympanon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un instrument oubli\u00e9 : le tympanon - Vichy Ench\u00e8res\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u00e9ritable objet de collection dont le nom ne parle plus \u00e0 personne, si ce n\u2019est aux connaisseurs : le tympanon...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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