{"id":612,"date":"2011-03-23T10:46:37","date_gmt":"2011-03-23T10:46:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/?p=612"},"modified":"2023-02-02T09:08:57","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T08:08:57","slug":"musette-de-cour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vichy-encheres.com\/en\/2011\/03\/23\/musette-de-cour\/","title":{"rendered":"La musette “de cour”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Dans la grande famille des a\u00e9rophones la musette, dite \u00ab de cour \u00bb, fait partie de la branche des cornemuses. Elle se caract\u00e9rise par des crit\u00e8res bien pr\u00e9cis\u2026<\/p>\nPar Philippe Kr\u00fcmm, expert en instruments de musiques populaires<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Catalogue<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
R\u00e9sultats<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Experts<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Contacts<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
English version<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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121 specimens dans le monde<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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Seulement 121 specimens sont aujourd\u2019hui recens\u00e9s dans le monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attribut d\u2019une musique pastorale id\u00e9alis\u00e9e, la musette jouit, de la fin du XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle \u00e0 la fin du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, d\u2019un engouement particulier au sein des couches ais\u00e9es de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise. Apr\u00e8s son abandon, elle devient essentiellement un objet de curiosit\u00e9 et les instruments, dispers\u00e9s au gr\u00e9 des ventes publiques, viennent enrichir les grandes collections en Europe et Outre Atlantique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Elle continue cependant de susciter, tout au long du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de musiciens qui tentent de lui redonner vie, la transformant parfois et donnant ainsi naissance \u00e0 de nouveaux types de cornemuses. Aujourd\u2019hui, on constate un regain d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat ind\u00e9niable pour cet instrument : il est officiellement enseign\u00e9 dans plusieurs \u00e9coles de musique ou conservatoires et de nombreuses r\u00e9pliques, r\u00e9alis\u00e9es depuis trente ans par une dizaine de facteurs, circulent dans le monde entier, contribuant plus que jamais \u00e0 la diffusion d\u2019un r\u00e9pertoire autrefois peu connu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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La musette de cour poss\u00e8de un \u00e0 trois chalumeaux : tuyaux m\u00e9lodiques de perces cylindriques auxquels sont associ\u00e9es des anches doubles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a un bourdon : syst\u00e8me de construction complexe r\u00e9unissant un soufflet et plusieurs tuyaux bourdons, \u00e9galement de perces cylindriques et \u00e0 anches doubles, au sein d\u2019un m\u00eame cylindre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pourvue au XVI\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle d\u2019un seul chalumeau, la musette est dot\u00e9e d\u2019un second vers le milieu du XVII\u00e8me <\/sup>si\u00e8cle, puis, de fa\u00e7on exceptionnelle, d\u2019un troisi\u00e8me dans les ann\u00e9es 1730.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nombre de cl\u00e9s sur ces chalumeaux varie de 1 \u00e0 24, de m\u00eame que celui des tuyaux de jeu du bourdon qui peut poss\u00e9der jusqu\u2019\u00e0 6 anches.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Les musettes du 18 juin 2011<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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\"Musette
Musette de cour en ivoire et clefs argent XVIII\u00e8me attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 CHEDEVILLE
Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 18 juin 2011
\u00a9 Jacques-Henri Bayle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grand chalumeau : ivoire ; 6 cl\u00e9s.
Petit chalumeau : ivoire ; 6 cl\u00e9s.
Bo\u00eetes des chalumeaux : ivoire.
Bourdon : ivoire ; 6 coulisses.
Soufflet : porte-vent \u00e0 tenons en ivoire.
R\u00e9servoir : couverture en tissu \u00e0 motifs de fleurs, galons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le jeu de chalumeau correspond au mod\u00e8le \u00e0 12 cl\u00e9s, le plus r\u00e9pandu au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Son esth\u00e9tique correspond \u00e0 quelques d\u00e9tails pr\u00e8s \u00e0 celle des instruments estampill\u00e9s : \u00ab Chedeville \u00bb. Sur le bourdon, la partie sup\u00e9rieure du d\u00f4me, l\u00e9g\u00e8rement excentr\u00e9e, est peut-\u00eatre un ajout post\u00e9rieur. La couverture est visiblement de facture r\u00e9cente.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Musette
Musette de cour ivoire, quatorze clefs argent. XVIII\u00e8me
Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 18 juin 2011
\u00a9 Jacques-Henri Bayle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grand chalumeau : ivoire ; 6 cl\u00e9s.
Petit chalumeau : ivoire ; 8 cl\u00e9s (+ mib et mi).
Bo\u00eetes des chalumeaux : ivoire.
R\u00e9servoir : couverture en velours rouge, dentelles et rubans ; tuyau d\u2019insufflation buccal en ivoire<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019instrument se pr\u00e9sente sous la forme d\u2019une \u00ab musette \u00e0 bouche \u00bb, sans bourdon et avec un tuyau d\u2019insufflation buccal. Cette recomposition a visiblement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 partir du jeu de chalumeaux, seul \u00e9l\u00e9ment authentique de l\u2019instrument. Il provient d\u2019une musette \u00e0 \u00ab deux octaves \u00bb, comme l\u2019indiquent les cl\u00e9s suppl\u00e9mentaires d\u2019extension vers l\u2019aigu sur la face post\u00e9rieure du petit chalumeau.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Musette
Musette de cour ivoire, douze clefs argent. XVIII\u00e8me
Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 18 juin 2011
\u00a9 Jacques-Henri Bayle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grand chalumeau : ivoire ; 6 cl\u00e9s.
Petit chalumeau : ivoire ; 6 cl\u00e9s.
Bo\u00eetes des chalumeaux : ivoire.
Bourdon : ivoire ; 6 coulisses.
Soufflet :porte-vent \u00e0 tenons en ivoire.
R\u00e9servoir : couverture en tissu \u00e0 motifs de fleurs, galons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le soufflet, la couverture et le cuir du porte-vent sont visiblement de facture r\u00e9cente. Le soufflet a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 80 par le facteur anglais de concertinas Colin Dipper.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Philippe Kr\u00fcmm, expert en instruments de musiques populaires<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
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THE \u201cMUSETTE DE COUR\u201d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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In the large group of musical instruments classed as aerophones, the musette, known as “musette de court” or baroque musette, is part of the bagpipe family. It is defined by a precise set of features.<\/p>\nBy Philippe Kr\u00fcmm, world traditional music instrument expert<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Catalog<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Results<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Experts<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Contacts<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Version fran\u00e7aise<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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121 examples worldwide<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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Only 121 examples of musettes have been recorded worldwide to date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is an instrument often associated with pastoral music and iconography. From the end of the 16th century to that of the 18th century, the musette was very popular amongst the upper social classes in France. After falling out of favour, it mainly became an object of curiosity, and the extant examples were sold at public auctions, finding their way into major collections in Europe and across the Atlantic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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However, throughout the 19th century, it continued to attract the interest of some musicians, who tried to bring it back to life, sometimes modifying it in the process and therefore giving birth to new types of bagpipes. Today, there is an undeniable renewed interest in this instrument: it is formally taught in several music schools and conservatoires, and many replicas, made over the past 30 years by a dozen makers, circulate throughout the world, contributing more than ever to the spread of a previously little-known repertoire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Features<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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The musette de cour has between one and three chalumeaux <\/em>(or chanters): melodic pipes of cylindrical bore that use double reeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It also features a shuttle-drone, a complex system that combines a bellows and several drone pipes, also of cylindrical bore and with double reeds, within the same cylinder.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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In the 16th century, the musette was fitted with a single chanter; a second chanter was added around the middle of the 17th century; then, seldomly, a third in the 1730s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The number of keys on these chanters varies from 1 to 24; the same is true of the number of playing pipes of the drone, which can have up to six reeds.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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The musettes of 18 June 2011<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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\"Musette
Musette de cour en ivoire et clefs argent XVIII\u00e8me attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 CHEDEVILLE
Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 18 juin 2011
\u00a9 Jacques-Henri Bayle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Large chanter: ivory; 6 keys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Small chanter: ivory; 6 keys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chanter cases: ivory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shuttle-drone: ivory; 6 runners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bellows: wind-holder with ivory tenons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bag: fabric cover featuring flower patterns and stripes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The set of chanters corresponds to the 12-key model, which was the most common in the 18th century. Bar a few details, its appearance matches that of the instruments stamped “Chedeville”. On the drone, the upper part of the dome, which is slightly off centre, is perhaps a later addition. The cover is clearly a recent replacement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Musette
Musette de cour ivoire, quatorze clefs argent. XVIII\u00e8me
Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 18 juin 2011
\u00a9 Jacques-Henri Bayle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Large chanter: ivory; 6 keys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Small chanter: ivory; 8 keys (+ Eb and E).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chanter cases: ivory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bag: red velvet cover, with lace and ribbons; ivory mouth-blowing pipe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The instrument is in the form of a “mouth musette”, without a drone and with a mouth-blowing pipe. This reworking was clearly made using a set of chanters, which is the only original part of the instrument. It originates from a \u201ctwo-octave\u201d musette, as evidenced by the additional treble extension keys on the back of the small chanter.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Musette
Musette de cour ivoire, douze clefs argent. XVIII\u00e8me
Instrument mis en vente par Vichy Ench\u00e8res le 18 juin 2011
\u00a9 Jacques-Henri Bayle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Large chanter: ivory; 6 keys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Small chanter: ivory; 6 keys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chanter cases: ivory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shuttle-drone: ivory; 6 runners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bellows: wind-holder with ivory tenons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bag: fabric cover with flower patterns and stripes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bellows, cover and leather of the wind-holder are clearly of recent make. The bellows was made in the 1980s by English concertina maker Colin Dipper.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Philippe Kr\u00fcmm, expert in folk music instruments<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
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\ud83d\ude80 Suivez-nous !<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n